19th century

===Diplomacy and international relations===
{{Main|International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)}}
* {{cite book|doi=10.1007/978-1-349-24729-5|title=Greater France|year=1996|last1=Aldrich|first1=Robert|isbn=978-0-333-56740-1}}
* {{cite book|doi=10.1007/978-1-349-24958-9|title=Peace, War and the European Powers, 1814–1914|year=1996|last1=Bartlett|first1=C. J.|publisher=Macmillan Education UK |location=London |isbn=978-0-333-62001-4}}
* Bridge, F. R. & Roger Bullen. ''The Great Powers and the European States System 1814–1914'', 2nd Ed. (2005)
* {{cite journal|doi=10.2307/3014586|jstor=3014586|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.86299|title=History of Modern Europe, 1878-1919|year=1923|last1=Gooch|first1=G. P.|journal=Journal of the British Institute of International Affairs|volume=2|issue=6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.86299/page/n277 266]}}
* Herring, George C. ''Years of Peril and Ambition: U.S. Foreign Relations, 1776–1921'' (2017)
* [[Paul Kennedy|Kennedy, Paul]]. [[The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers|''The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers Economic Change and Military Conflict From 1500–2000'']] (1987), stress on economic and military factors
* Langer, William.  ''European Alliances and Alignments 1870–1890'' (1950); advanced history [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.237096 online]
* Langer, William. ''The Diplomacy of Imperialism 1890–1902'' (1950); advanced history [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.177815 online]
* Mowat, R.B. ''A history of European diplomacy, 1815–1914'' (1922) [https://archive.org/details/historyofeuropea00mowauoft online free]
* {{cite book|doi=10.1515/9781400849949|title=The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century|year=2014|last1=Osterhammel|first1=Jürgen|isbn=9781400849949|url=http://www.gbv.de/dms/bowker/toc/9780691147451.pdf }}
* Porter, Andrew, ed. ''The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume III: The Nineteenth Century'' (2001)
* Sontag, Raymond. ''European Diplomatic History: 1871–1932'' (1933), basic summary; 425 pp [https://archive.org/download/in.ernet.dli.2015.503351/2015.503351.european-diplomatic_text.pdf online]
* Taylor, A.J.P. ''[[The Struggle for Mastery in Europe 1848–1918]]'' (1954) 638 pp; advanced history and analysis of major diplomacy; [https://archive.org/details/struggleformaste00ajpt online free]
* Taylor, A.J.P.  "International Relations" in F.H. Hinsley, ed., ''The New Cambridge Modern History: XI: Material Progress and World-Wide Problems, 1870–98'' (1962): 542–66. [https://archive.org/stream/iB_CMH/11#page/n3/mode/1up online]
* {{cite book|doi=10.4324/9781315844503|title=The European Colonial Empires|year=2015|last1=Wesseling|first1=H. L.|isbn=9781315844503}}