Trinity

==References==

===Notes===
{{notelist|30em|refs=
{{efn|name=Augustine1|{{in lang|la}} [https://www.augustinus.it/latino/trinita/trinita_09.htm ''Veluti nunc cupimus videre utrum illa excellentissima caritas proprie Spiritus Sanctus sit. Quod si non est, aut Pater est caritas, aut Filius, aut ipsa Trinitas, quoniam resistere non possumus certissimae fidei, et validissimae auctoritati Scripturae dicentis: <nowiki>'</nowiki>Deus caritas est<nowiki>'</nowiki>''].}}

{{efn|name=Augustine2|{{in lang|la}} [https://www.augustinus.it/latino/trinita/trinita_09.htm ''Tria ergo sunt: amans, et quod amatur, et amor''].}}

{{efn|name=Augustine3|Augustine had poor knowledge of the Greek language, and no knowledge of Hebrew. So he trusted the Septuagint, which differentiates between {{lang|grc|κύριοι}} ('lords', vocative plural) and {{lang|grc|κύριε}} ('lord', vocative singular), even if the Hebrew verbal form,{{Script/Hebrew|נא-אדני}} (''na-adoni''), is exactly the same in both cases.}}

{{efn |name=Arius |Very little of [[Arius]]' own writings have survived. We depend largely on quotations made by opponents which reflect what they thought he was saying. Furthermore, there was no single Arian party or agenda but rather various critics of the Nicene formula working from distinct perspectives.{{harv|Williams|2001|pp=95–, 247–}} }}

{{efn| name=1john5|See, for instance, the note in {{bibleref2|1 John|5:7–8|NRSV}} }}

{{efn|name=Enchiridion|{{citation|title=Enchiridion symbolorum, definitionum et declarationum de rebus fidei et morum|title-link=Enchiridion symbolorum, definitionum et declarationum de rebus fidei et morum|date= 1962|page=1330|last=Denzinger|first= Heinrich|publisher=Herder}} English trans. {{harvnb|Dupuis|Neuner|2001|p=111}} }}
}}

===Citations===
{{reflist|22em|refs=

<ref name=oxforddictionaries.com>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/trinity|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121226195336/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/trinity|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 December 2012|title=Definition of trinity in English|website=Oxford Dictionaries – English}}</ref>

<ref name="thelogy-sanity">{{cite web |url=http://www.ignatiusinsight.com/features2011/fsheed_trinityts_may2011.asp |title=Frank Sheed, ''Theology and Sanity'' |publisher=Ignatiusinsight.com |access-date=3 November 2013 |archive-date=30 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730135009/http://www.ignatiusinsight.com/features2011/fsheed_trinityts_may2011.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>

<ref name="def-lateran1">Definition of the [[Fourth Lateran Council]] quoted in ''[[Catechism of the Catholic Church]]'' [https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/_P17.HTM#1FT §253]. {{lang-la|substantia, essentia seu natura divina}} (''[[Enchiridion symbolorum, definitionum et declarationum de rebus fidei et morum|DS]]'' [http://catho.org/9.php?d=bxw#bpd 804]).</ref>

<ref name="against-praxeas1">{{cite web|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf03.v.ix.iii.html |title=Against Praxeas, chapter 2 |publisher=Ccel.org |date=1 June 2005 |access-date=19 March 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="ignatius">{{cite web| url = http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/ignatius-magnesians-roberts.html| title = Ignatius's Letter to the Magnesians, Ch. XIII}}</ref>

<ref name="first-apology">{{cite web|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.viii.ii.lxi.html |title=First Apology, LXI |publisher=Ccel.org |date=13 July 2005 |access-date=3 November 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="theophilus2">Theophilus, Apologia ad Autolycum, Book II, Chapter 15</ref>

<ref name="tertullian">Tertullian Against Praxeas</ref>

<ref name="BEoWR">"Trinity". Britannica Encyclopaedia of World Religions. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica. 2006.</ref>

<ref name="patristics">7:1, 3 [http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0714.htm online]</ref>

<ref name="patristics1">''Epistle to the Philippians'', 2:13 [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.v.xvii.ii.html online]</ref>

<ref name="patristics2">''On Baptism'' 8:6 [http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ANF-03/anf03–49.htm#P11646_3280473 online], ''Against Praxeas'', 26:2 [http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0317.htm online]</ref>

<ref name="patristics3">''Against Noetus'', 1:14 [http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0521.htm online]</ref>

<ref name="patristics4">''Seventh Council of Carthage'' {{cite web| url = http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ANF-05/anf05–124.htm#P9402_2932994| title = online}}</ref>

<ref name="patristics5">''A Sectional Confession of Faith'', 13:2 [http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ANF-06/anf06–14.htm#P784_222567 online]</ref>

<ref name="kittel3">Kittel, 3:108.{{full citation needed|date=March 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="athanasian-creed">{{cite web|url=http://www.ccel.org/creeds/athanasian.creed.html |title=Athanasian Creed |publisher=Ccel.org |access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="hilary-john">{{cite web|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf209.ii.v.ii.iii.html |title=NPNF2-09. Hilary of Poitiers, John of Damascus &#124; Christian Classics Ethereal Library |publisher=Ccel.org |date=13 July 2005 |access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="despiritu">{{cite web|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf208.vii.ix.html |title=Basil the Great, De Spiritu Sancto, NPNF, Vol 8 |publisher=Ccel.org |date=13 July 2005 |access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="athanasius3">Athanasius, 3.29 (p. 409)</ref>

<ref name="basil">Basil "Letters", NPNF, Vol 8, 189.7 (p. 32)</ref>

<ref name="bbc-john">{{cite web|url=https://h2g2.com/edited_entry/A29321381 |title=The Presentation of Jesus in John's Gospel |access-date=2 January 2012|date=10 January 2008|website=h2g2 The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy: Earth Edition}}</ref>

<ref name="de-trinitate1">St. Augustine of Hippo,''De Trinitate'', Book I, Chapter 3.</ref>

<ref name="nazianzen">Gregory Nazianzen, ''Orations'', 31.26</ref>

<ref name="Watson">Watson, Francis. [http://jsr.shanti.virginia.edu/back-issues/vol-2-no-3%C2%97-september-2002-a-harmony-of-opposing-voices/abrahams-visitors-prolegomena-to-a-christian-theological-exegesis-of-genesis-18-19/ Abraham's Visitors: Prolegomena to a Christian Theological Exegesis of Genesis 18–19]</ref>

<ref name="bakerdict">{{cite web|url=http://www.studylight.org/dic/bed/view.cgi?n=33 |title=Baker's Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology: ''Angel of the Lord'' |publisher=Studylight.org |access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="vonharnack">{{cite web|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/harnack/dogma1.ii.iii.iii.html|title=History of Dogma|access-date=15 June 2007|last=von Harnack|first=Adolf |author-link=Adolf von Harnack|date=1 March 1894 |quote=[In the 2nd century,] Jesus was either regarded as the man whom God hath chosen, in whom the Deity or the Spirit of God dwelt, and who, after being tested, was adopted by God and invested with dominion, (Adoptionist Christology); or Jesus was regarded as a heavenly spiritual being (the highest after God) who took flesh, and again returned to heaven after the completion of his work on earth (pneumatic Christology)}}</ref>
}}

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* {{cite book|last1=Simonetti|first1=Manlio |last2=Oden|first2=Thomas C. |title=Matthew 14–28|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N9dWxwEACAAJ|year=2002|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0830814695}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Sirry
|first = Mun'im
|title = Scriptural Polemics: The Qur'an and Other Religions
|publisher = Oxford University Press
|year = 2014
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Us4sAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA47
|isbn = 978-0199359370
}}
* {{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Qur'an|title-link=Encyclopedia of the Qur'an|last= Thomas|first= David|date= 2006|volume= V|chapter=Trinity}}
* {{Cite book
|first= Hans
|last= von Balthasar
|title = Theo-drama: Theological Dramatic Theory|volume= 3: Dramatis Personae: Persons in Christ
|publisher = Ignatius Press
|year = 1992
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=1vIIrbed05sC&q=the%20awe%20inspiring%20rites%20of%20initiation&pg=PA55
|isbn = 978-0814622810
}}
* {{cite book |last=von Balthasar |first=Hans Urs |author-link=Hans Urs von Balthasar |title=Mysterium Paschale. The Mystery of Easter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k4hHDwAAQBAJ |others=Translated with an Introduction by [[Aidan Nichols]], [[Dominican Order|O.P.]] |publisher=[[Ignatius Press]] |location=[[San Francisco]] |year=2000 |orig-year=1990 |edition=2nd |chapter=Preface to the Second Edition |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k4hHDwAAQBAJ&q=%22eternal+'super-Kenosis'%22&pg=PT7 |isbn=978-1681493480}}
* {{cite book|last=Vondey|first=Wolfgang |title=Pentecostalism: A Guide for the Perplexed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fvWupHo4i6MC&pg=PA78|year=2012|publisher=T&T Clark|isbn=978-0567627315}}
* {{cite book|last=Warfield|first=Benjamin B. |authorlink=Benjamin B. Warfield|editor=James Orr|title=The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HX4PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA3012|volume=5|year=1915|publisher=Howard-Severance Company|chapter=§ 20 Trinity: The Question of Subordination}}
* {{cite book|last=Williams|first= Rowan|author-link=Rowan Williams|title=Arius: Heresy and Tradition|publisher=[[SPCK]]|edition=2nd |date= 2001|isbn= 978-0334028505|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vaO8J3j7mvMC&pg=PA95}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Yewangoe
|first = Andreas
|title = Theologia Crucis in Asia: Asian Christian Views on Suffering in the Face of Overwhelming Poverty and Multifaceted Religiosity in Asia
|publisher = Rodopi
|year = 1987
|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VGJ4w6oVqoAC&q=%22Kazoh%20Kitamori%20is%20deeply%20%22inspired%22%20by%20the%20event%20of%20the%20atomic%20bomb%22%22as%20his%20starting%20point%20in%20approaching%20the%20pain%20of%20God%22&pg=PA273
|isbn = 978-9062036103
}}
* {{Cite book
|last = Zebiri
|first = Kate
|editor-last = Rippin
|editor-first = Andrew
|chapter = Argumentation
|title = The Blackwell Companion to the Qur'an
|publisher = Wiley Blackwell
|year = 2006
|isbn = 978-1405178440
}}
{{refend}}