Russia

=== Military ===
{{Main|Russian Armed Forces}}
[[File:Sukhoi Design Bureau, 054, Sukhoi Su-57 (49581303977).jpg|thumb|[[Sukhoi Su-57]], a [[fifth-generation fighter]] of the [[Russian Air Force]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rand.org/blog/2020/08/russias-su-57-heavy-fighter-bomber-is-it-really-a-5th.html |title=Russia's Su-57 Heavy Fighter Bomber: Is It Really a Fifth-Generation Aircraft? |work=[[RAND Corporation]] |author=Ryan Bauer and Peter A. Wilson |date=17 August 2020 |access-date=28 June 2021 |archive-date=22 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322102224/https://www.rand.org/blog/2020/08/russias-su-57-heavy-fighter-bomber-is-it-really-a-5th.html |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
The [[Russian Armed Forces]] are divided into the [[Russian Ground Forces|Ground Forces]], the [[Russian Navy|Navy]], and the [[Russian Aerospace Force|Aerospace Forces]]—and there are also two independent arms of service: the [[Strategic Missile Troops]] and the [[Russian Airborne Troops|Airborne Troops]].<ref name="cia">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/ |title=Russia – The World Factbook |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |access-date=4 March 2022 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109173026/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> {{As of|2021}}, the military have around a million active-duty personnel, which is the world's [[List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel|fifth-largest]], and about 2–20 million [[Military reserve force|reserve personnel]].<ref>{{cite book |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies|author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance |date=2021 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London |isbn=978-1-85743-988-5 |page=191}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Nichol |first=Jim |url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/R42006.pdf |title=Russian Military Reform and Defense Policy |work=[[Congressional Research Service]] |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |date=24 August 2011 |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref> It is mandatory for all male citizens aged 18–27 to be [[conscription|drafted]] for a year of service in the Armed Forces.<ref name="cia"/>

Russia is among the five [[Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons|recognised]] [[List of states with nuclear weapons|nuclear-weapons states]], with the world's [[Russia and weapons of mass destruction|largest stockpile of nuclear weapons]]; over half of the world's nuclear weapons are owned by Russia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/Nuclearweaponswhohaswhat |title=Nuclear Weapons: Who Has What at a Glance |work=[[Arms Control Association]] |date=August 2020 |access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref> Russia possesses the second-largest fleet of [[ballistic missile submarine]]s,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://power.lowyinstitute.org/data/military-capability/signature-capabilities/ballistic-missile-submarines/ |work=[[Asia Power Index]] |publisher=[[Lowy Institute]] |year=2021 |title=Ballistic missile submarines data |access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref> and is one of the only three countries operating [[strategic bomber]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Paul |first1=T. V. |last2=Wirtz |first2=James J. |last3=Fortmann |first3=Michael |url={{GBurl|id=9jy28vBqscQC|p=332}} |title=Balance of power: theory and practice in the 21st century |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |date=2004 |page=332 |isbn=978-0-8047-5017-2}}</ref> Russia maintains the world's [[List of countries by military expenditures|third-highest military expenditure]], spending $86.4 billion in 2022, corresponding to around 4.1% of its GDP.'''''<ref>{{cite web |date=April 2023 |title=Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2022 |url=https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2023-04/2304_fs_milex_2022.pdf |access-date=29 April 2023 |publisher=[[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]]}}</ref>''''' In 2021 it was the world's [[List of countries by arms exports|second-largest arms exporter]], and had a large and entirely indigenous [[Defense industry of Russia|defence industry]], producing most of its own military equipment.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bowen |first=Andrew S. |url=https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46937 |title=Russian Arms Sales and Defense Industry |work=[[Congressional Research Service]] |publisher=[[Library of Congress]] |date=14 October 2021 |access-date=20 December 2021 }}</ref>