Manchester

==Education==
{{See also|List of schools in Manchester}}
[[File:Whitworth Hall Manchester.jpg|thumb|left|[[Whitworth Hall]] at the University of Manchester. With approximately 44,000 students, it is the second-largest university [[List of universities in the United Kingdom by enrolment|in the UK in terms of enrolment]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Where do HE students study? {{!}} HESA |url=https://www.hesa.ac.uk/data-and-analysis/students/where-study |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=www.hesa.ac.uk}}</ref>]]
There are three universities in the City of Manchester. The [[University of Manchester]], [[Manchester Metropolitan University]] and [[Royal Northern College of Music]]. The University of Manchester is the second largest full-time non-[[collegiate university]] in the United Kingdom,<ref name=":1" /> created in 2004 by the merger of [[Victoria University of Manchester]], founded in 1904, and [[UMIST]], founded in 1956,<ref name="Man Uni">{{cite web|url=http://www.manchester.ac.uk/aboutus/news/archive/list/item/?id=2462&year=2007&month=01|title=Manchester still top of the popularity league|access-date=6 October 2008|publisher=[[University of Manchester]]|date=18 January 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207071504/http://www.manchester.ac.uk/aboutus/news/archive/list/item/?id=2462&year=2007&month=01|archive-date=7 December 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> having developed from the [[Mechanics' Institute, Manchester|Mechanics' Institute]] founded, as indicated in the university's logo, in 1824. The University of Manchester includes the [[Manchester Business School]], which offered the first MBA course in the UK in 1965.<ref>Description of 'Manchester Business School, Manchester Business School Archive, 1965-2002. [[University of Manchester Library]]. GB 133 MBS' on the Archives Hub website, https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb133-mbs, (date accessed :13/05/2022)</ref>

[[Manchester Metropolitan University]] was formed as Manchester Polytechnic on the merger of three colleges in 1970. It gained university status in 1992, and in the same year absorbed Crewe and Alsager College of Higher Education in South Cheshire.<ref>{{cite book |last=Fowler |first=Alan |title=Many Arts, Many Skills: Origins of Manchester Metropolitan University |year=1994 |publisher=Manchester Metropolitan University |isbn=1-870355-05-9 |pages=115–20, 226–8}}</ref> The Cheshire campus permanently closed in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ryan |first=Belinda |date=10 February 2017 |title=Crewe MMU campus will close in July 2019, university says |work=Crewe Chronicle |url=https://www.crewechronicle.co.uk/news/crewe-mmu-campus-close-july-12589102 |access-date=13 May 2022}}</ref> [[The University of Law]], the largest provider of vocation legal training in Europe, has a campus in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibanet.org/Education_and_Internships/LLM/about_col.aspx |title=The College of Law |access-date=20 January 2013 |publisher=International Bar Association |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819080107/http://www.ibanet.org/Education_and_Internships/LLM/about_col.aspx |archive-date=19 August 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The three universities are grouped around Oxford Road on the southern side of the city centre, which forms Europe's largest urban higher-education precinct.<ref name="Higher edu">{{cite book |title=Pevsner Architectural Guides: Manchester |last=Hartwell |first=Clare |year=2001 |page=105 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=0-14-071131-7}}</ref> Together they have a combined population of over 80,000 students as of 2022.<ref name=":1" />

One of Manchester's notable secondary schools is [[Manchester Grammar School]]. Established in 1515,<ref name="Man GS">{{cite book |title=Manchester: A History |last=Kidd |first=Alan |year=2006 |page=206 |publisher=Carnegie Publishing |location=Lancaster |isbn=1-85936-128-5}}<br />{{cite book |title=A History of Manchester |last=Hylton |first=Stuart |year=2003 |page=25 |publisher=Phillimore & Co |isbn=1-86077-240-4}}</ref> as a free grammar school next to what is now the cathedral, it moved in 1931 to Old Hall Lane in Fallowfield, south Manchester, to accommodate the growing student body. In the post-war period, it was a [[direct grant grammar school]] (i.e. partially state funded), but it reverted to independent status in 1976 after abolition of the direct-grant system.<ref name="MGS">{{cite book |title=Dare to be wise: a history of the Manchester Grammar School |last=Bentley |first=James |year=1990 |pages=108, 114, 119–121 |publisher=James & James |isbn=0-907383-04-1}}</ref> Its previous premises are now used by [[Chetham's School of Music]]. There are three schools nearby: [[William Hulme's Grammar School]], [[Withington Girls' School]] and [[Manchester High School for Girls]].

In 2019, the Manchester [[Local Education Authority]] was ranked second to last out of Greater Manchester's ten LEAs and 140th out of 151 in the country LEAs based on the percentage of pupils attaining grades 4 or above in English and mathematics GCSEs ([[General Certificate of Secondary Education]]) with 56.2 per cent compared with the national average of 64.9 per cent.<ref>{{Cite web |title='KS4 local authority data' from 'Key stage 4 performance', Permanent data table |url=https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/data-tables/permalink/baee5d88-d366-4fd8-b927-4e9b2507abc9 |access-date=2022-05-12 |website=explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref> Of the 63 secondary schools in the LEA, four had 80 per cent or more pupils achieving Grade 4 or above in English and maths GCSEs: [[Manchester High School for Girls]], [[King David School, Manchester|The King David High School]], Manchester Islamic High School for Girls, and Kassim Darwish Grammar School for Boys.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Compare School Performance Service |url=https://www.compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk/schools-by-type?step=default&table=schools&region=352&geographic=la&for=secondary&basedon=English%20%26%20maths%20GCSEs&show=All%20pupils&orderby=ks4.0.PTL2BASICS_94&orderdir=asc |access-date=13 May 2022 |website=GOV.UK |archive-date=13 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513000447/https://www.compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk/schools-by-type?step=default&table=schools&region=352&geographic=la&for=secondary&basedon=English%20%26%20maths%20GCSEs&show=All%20pupils&orderby=ks4.0.PTL2BASICS_94&orderdir=asc |url-status=dead }}</ref>