Joe Biden

=== Domestic policy ===
On June 17, Biden signed the [[Juneteenth National Independence Day Act]], which officially declared [[Juneteenth]] a [[Federal holidays in the United States|federal holiday]].<ref>{{cite web |date=June 17, 2021 |title=Most Federal Employees Will Receive Friday Off for Juneteenth |url=https://www.govexec.com/pay-benefits/2021/06/most-federal-employees-will-receive-friday-juneteenth/174796/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618055747/https://www.govexec.com/pay-benefits/2021/06/most-federal-employees-will-receive-friday-juneteenth/174796/ |archive-date=June 18, 2021 |access-date=June 17, 2021 |website=[[Government Executive]]}}</ref> Juneteenth is the first new federal holiday since 1986.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-juneteenth-holiday-bill-sign/ |title=Biden signs bill making Juneteenth a federal holiday |last1=Watson |first1=Kathryn |last2=Quinn |first2=Melissa |date=June 18, 2021 |work=[[CBS News]] |access-date=June 19, 2021}}</ref> In July 2021, amid a slowing of [[COVID-19 vaccination in the United States|the COVID-19 vaccination rate in the country]] and the spread of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant]], Biden said that the country has "a pandemic for those who haven't gotten the vaccination" and that it was therefore "gigantically important" for Americans to be vaccinated.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jaffe |first1=Alexandra |last2=Madhani |first2=Aamer |date=July 22, 2021 |title=Biden says getting COVID-19 vaccine 'gigantically important' |work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2021-07-22/biden-says-getting-vaccinated-gigantically-important |url-status=live |access-date=July 23, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826071814/https://www.usnews.com/news/politics/articles/2021-07-22/biden-says-getting-vaccinated-gigantically-important |archive-date=August 26, 2021}}</ref>

==== Economy ====
[[File:Inflation rate, United States and eurozone, January 2018 through June 2023.png|thumb|330px|Inflation rate, United States and eurozone, January 2018 through June 2023]]
{{Main|Economic policy of the Joe Biden administration}}
Biden entered office nine months into a recovery from the [[COVID-19 recession]] and his first year in office was characterized by robust growth in real GDP, employment, wages and stock market returns, amid [[2021–2022 inflation surge|significantly elevated inflation]]. Real GDP grew 5.9%, the fastest rate in 37 years.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mutikani |first1=Lucia |date=September 29, 2022 |title=U.S. economic growth revised up; gap between GDP and GDI narrows sharply |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/us-economic-growth-revised-up-gap-between-gdp-gdi-narrows-sharply-2022-09-29/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tappe |first1=Anneken |date=January 27, 2022 |title=The US economy grew at the fastest rate in 2021 since the Reagan administration |publisher=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/27/economy/us-fourth-quarter-2021-gdp/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127201057/https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/27/economy/us-fourth-quarter-2021-gdp/index.html |archive-date=January 27, 2022}}</ref> Amid record job creation, the unemployment rate fell at the fastest pace on record during the year.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mutikani |first1=Lucia |date=January 7, 2022 |title=U.S. labor market eyes maximum employment despite underwhelming December payrolls |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/us-employment-growth-misses-expectations-unemployment-rate-falls-39-2022-01-07/ |url-status=live |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121221243/http://www.reuters.com/markets/us/us-employment-growth-misses-expectations-unemployment-rate-falls-39-2022-01-07/ |archive-date=January 21, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pickert |first1=Reade |date=January 7, 2022 |title=U.S. Sees Record Job Growth in 2021 After Millions Lost in 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-07/u-s-sees-record-job-growth-in-2021-after-millions-lost-in-2020 |url-status=live |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129065310/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-07/u-s-sees-record-job-growth-in-2021-after-millions-lost-in-2020 |archive-date=January 29, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PAYEMS|title=All Employees, Total Nonfarm|publisher=fred.stlouisfed.org|access-date=July 29, 2022}}</ref> By the end of 2021, inflation reached a nearly 40-year high of 7.1%, which was partially offset by the highest nominal wage and salary growth in at least 20 years.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rubin |first1=Gabriel T. |date=January 28, 2022 |title=U.S. Wages, Benefits Rose at Two-Decade High as Inflation Picked Up |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/us-employers-labor-costs-inflation-11643331612 |url-status=live |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130032502/https://www.wsj.com/articles/us-employers-labor-costs-inflation-11643331612 |archive-date=January 30, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Smialek |first1=Jeanna |last2=Casselman |first2=Ben |date=January 28, 2022 |title=Inflation Continued to Run Hot and Consumer Spending Fell in December |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/business/pce-inflation-federal-reserve.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128134006/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/28/business/pce-inflation-federal-reserve.html |archive-date=January 28, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Iacurci |first1=Greg |date=January 31, 2022 |title=Wage growth may be slowing from 'breakneck' pace |publisher=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/31/wage-growth-may-be-slowing-from-breakneck-pace.html |url-status=live |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203205842/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/01/31/wage-growth-may-be-slowing-from-breakneck-pace.html |archive-date=February 3, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Graffeo |first1=Emily |last2=Wang |first2=Lu |date=November 3, 2021 |title=S&P 500 Is Up 37% Since Biden's Election One Year Ago, Setting Presidential Record |work=Bloomberg News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-03/s-p-500-notches-best-one-year-run-after-a-presidential-election |url-status=live |access-date=June 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106213451/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-03/s-p-500-notches-best-one-year-run-after-a-presidential-election |archive-date=November 6, 2021}}</ref> In his third month in office, Biden signed an executive order to increase the minimum wage for federal contractors to $15 per hour, an increase of nearly 37%. The order went into effect for 390,000 workers in January 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden raising minimum wage for federal contractors to $15/hr |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-raises-minimum-wage-federal-contractors-15hr-2021-04-27/ |work=[[Reuters]] |date=April 27, 2021|author1=Nandita Bose|author2=Jarrett Renshaw}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Juliana |last=Kaplan |access-date=August 14, 2023 |title=Nearly 400,000 federal contractors will get paid $15 an hour starting this weekend. Biden's labor secretary says there's 'no question' it'll cut down on labor shortages. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/federal-contractors-15-hour-minimum-wage-could-end-labor-shortges-2022-1 |work=Business Insider |date=January 28, 2022}}</ref>

Amid a surge in [[2021–2023 inflation surge|inflation]] and [[2021–present global energy crisis|high gas prices]], Biden's approval ratings declined, reaching net negative in early 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Liptak |first1=Kevin |last2=Mattingly |first2=Phil |date=January 28, 2022 |title=Biden is aiming to hit the road to reset his presidency. He starts with yet another stop in Pennsylvania. |publisher=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/28/politics/joe-biden-pittsburgh-trip/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204225558/https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/28/politics/joe-biden-pittsburgh-trip/index.html |archive-date=February 4, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=President Biden Job Approval |url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/president-biden-job-approval-7320.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124133936/https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/other/president-biden-job-approval-7320.html |archive-date=January 24, 2021 |access-date=February 10, 2022 |website=[[RealClearPolitics]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Daniel |first=Will |date=July 18, 2022 |title=Inflation drives President Biden's economic approval rating to a record low |url=https://fortune.com/2022/07/18/inflation-president-biden-approval-rating-lower-donald-trump/ |access-date=September 13, 2022 |magazine=Fortune}}</ref> After 5.9% growth in 2021, real GDP growth cooled in 2022 to 2.1%, after slightly negative growth in the first half spurred recession concerns. Job creation and consumer spending remained strong through the year, as the unemployment rate fell to match a 53-year low of 3.5% in December. Inflation peaked at 9.1% in June before easing to 3.2% by October 2023. Stocks had had their worst year since 2008<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhattarai |first1=Abha |date=January 26, 2023 |title=U.S. economy grew 2.1 percent in 2022, but recession fears linger |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/01/26/gdp-2022-q4-economy/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=Jesse Pound |author2=Samantha Subin |date=December 30, 2022 |title=Stocks fall to end Wall Street's worst year since 2008, S&P 500 finishes 2022 down nearly 20% |publisher=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/12/29/stock-market-futures-open-to-close-news.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Iacurci |first1=Greg |date=January 12, 2023 |title=Here's the inflation breakdown for December 2022 — in one chart |publisher=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/01/12/heres-the-inflation-breakdown-for-december-2022-in-one-chart.html}}</ref> before recovering. Widespread predictions of an imminent recession did not materialize in 2022 or 2023, and by late 2023 indicators showed sharply lower inflation with economic acceleration. GDP growth hit 4.9% in the third quarter of 2023 and the year ended with stocks near record highs, with robust holiday spending.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harrison |first1=David |date=October 23, 2023 |title=The Economy Was Supposed to Slow by Now. Instead It's Revving Up. |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/economy/the-economy-was-supposed-to-slow-by-now-instead-its-revving-up-3c0f7a2e |url-access=subscription |quote=Recent economic data suggest the economy is accelerating despite higher borrowing costs, the resumption of student-loan payments, and wars in Ukraine and the Middle East ... Analysts, many of whom had expected a recession this year, are pushing up their forecasts ... After predicting a recession for the past year, economists surveyed by The Wall Street Journal this month said they now believe that the economy will avoid a downturn in the next 12 months. |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122184856/https://www.wsj.com/economy/the-economy-was-supposed-to-slow-by-now-instead-its-revving-up-3c0f7a2e |archive-date=November 22, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=October 26, 2023 |title=GDP surged 4.9% in the third quarter, defying the Fed's rate hikes |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/gdp-third-quarter-4-9-economic-growth/ |access-date=November 21, 2023 |agency=CBS News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Robust holiday shopping sends economy soaring into 2024 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/12/26/holiday-sales-retail-mastercard/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=December 26, 2023|first1=Rachel |last1=Siegel |first2=Aaron |last2=Gregg}}</ref>

Biden signed numerous major pieces of economic legislation in the [[117th United States Congress|117th Congress]], including the [[American Rescue Plan Act of 2021|American Rescue Plan]], [[Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act]], [[CHIPS and Science Act]], the [[Inflation Reduction Act]], and the [[Honoring our PACT Act of 2022|Honoring our PACT Act]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jones |first=Dustin |title=Despite infighting, it's been a surprisingly productive 2 years for Democrats |publisher=[[NPR]] |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/01/01/1143149435/despite-infighting-its-been-a-surprisingly-productive-2-years-for-democrats}}</ref> Biden signed the CHIPS and Science Act into law on August 9, 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shepardson |first1=David |last2=Mason |first2=Jeff |date=August 10, 2022 |title=Biden signs bill to boost U.S. chips, compete with China |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/biden-sign-bill-boost-us-chips-compete-with-china-2022-08-09/ |access-date=August 17, 2022 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> The act provides billions of dollars in new funding to boost domestic research on and manufacture of [[semiconductors]], to [[China–United States relations#Economic relations|compete economically with China]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Johnson |first=Lamar |date=August 9, 2022 |title=Biden ends slog on semiconductor bill with signature |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/08/09/biden-ends-slog-on-semiconductor-bill-with-signature-00050530 |access-date=August 9, 2022 |magazine=[[Politico]]}}</ref>

Over the course of five days in March 2023, [[2023 banking crisis|three small- to mid-size U.S. banks failed]], triggering a sharp decline in global bank stock prices and swift response by regulators to prevent potential global [[Financial contagion|contagion]]. After [[Collapse of Silicon Valley Bank|Silicon Valley Bank collapsed]], the first to do so, Biden expressed opposition to a bailout by taxpayers.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cathey |first=Libby |date=March 13, 2023 |title=Amid crisis, Biden tells Americans 'banking system is safe' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/biden-speaks-banking-crisis/story?id=97820883 |access-date=March 13, 2023 |agency=[[ABC News]]}}</ref> He claimed that the [[Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act|partial rollback]] of [[Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act|Dodd-Frank regulations]] contributed to the bank's failure.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hunnicutt |first=Trevor |date=March 13, 2023 |title=Biden vows new bank rules after SVB collapse, cites Trump rollback |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/us/biden-defend-us-banking-system-after-svb-signature-collapse-2023-03-13/ |access-date=March 13, 2023 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>

At the beginning of the [[118th United States Congress|118th Congress]], Biden and congressional Republicans engaged in a standoff after the United States hit its [[United States debt ceiling|debt limit]], which [[2023 United States debt-ceiling crisis|raised the risk that the U.S. would default on its debt]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diamond |first1=Jeremy |last2=Fox |first2=Lauren |last3=Zanona |first3=Melanie |last4=Mattingly |first4=Phil |last5=Saenz |first5=Arlette |last6=Liptak |first6=Kevin |date=June 1, 2023 |title=Inside a debt ceiling standoff 'far more dangerous than people will recognize' |agency=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/31/politics/biden-mccarthy-debt-ceiling-behind-the-scenes/index.html |access-date=June 11, 2023}}</ref> Biden and House speaker [[Kevin McCarthy]] struck a deal to raise the debt limit, the [[Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023]], which suspended the debt limit until January 2025. Biden signed it on June 3, averting a default.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Megerian |first1=Chris |date=June 3, 2023 |title=Biden signs debt ceiling bill that pulls US back from brink of unprecedented default |work=Associated Press News |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-debt-ceiling-budget-signing-f78a000d83cf85ffbaa2d08637844053 |access-date=June 11, 2023}}</ref> The deal was generally seen as favorable to Biden.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Baker |first1=Peter |date=June 1, 2023 |title=The Calm Man in the Capital: Biden Lets Others Spike the Ball but Notches a Win |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/01/us/politics/biden-mccarthy-debt-ceiling-deal-who-won.html |access-date=June 11, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Tankersley |first1=Jim |date=June 3, 2023 |title=Biden's Debt Deal Strategy: Win in the Fine Print |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/03/us/politics/biden-debt-ceiling-deal.html |access-date=June 11, 2023}}</ref>

==== Judiciary ====
{{Further|List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden}}
[[File:P20220407AS-0337 (52068715434).jpg|thumb|Biden and [[Ketanji Brown Jackson]] watching the [[United States Senate|U.S. Senate]] vote on her confirmation, April 2022|alt=Photo of Biden and Jackson looking at an off-camera television screen]]

By the end of 2021, 40 of [[List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden|Biden's appointees]] to the federal judiciary had been confirmed, more than any president in his first year in office since [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raymond |first1=Nate |date=December 28, 2021 |title=Biden finishes 2021 with most confirmed judicial picks since Reagan |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/biden-finishes-2021-with-most-confirmed-judicial-picks-since-reagan-2021-12-28/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201053907/https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/biden-finishes-2021-with-most-confirmed-judicial-picks-since-reagan-2021-12-28/ |archive-date=February 1, 2022 |access-date=February 1, 2022 |work=Reuters}}</ref> Biden has prioritized diversity in his judicial appointments more than any president in U.S. history, with most of his appointees being women and people of color.<ref>{{cite web |last=Johnson |first=Carrie |date=December 28, 2021 |title=Biden had a productive year picking federal judges. The job could get tougher in 2022 |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/12/28/1067206141/biden-federal-judges-nominations-diverse |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204171925/https://www.npr.org/2021/12/28/1067206141/biden-federal-judges-nominations-diverse |archive-date=February 4, 2022 |access-date=February 1, 2022 |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref> Most of his appointments have been in [[blue states]], making a limited impact since the courts in these states already generally lean liberal.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mejía |first1=Elena |date=December 7, 2021 |title=How Biden Is Reshaping The Courts |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-biden-is-reshaping-the-courts/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204070719/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/how-biden-is-reshaping-the-courts/ |archive-date=February 4, 2022 |access-date=February 1, 2022 |website=FiveThirtyEight}}</ref>

In January 2022, Supreme Court justice [[Stephen Breyer]], a moderate liberal nominated by [[Bill Clinton]], announced his intention to retire from the Supreme Court. During his 2020 campaign, Biden vowed to nominate the first Black woman to the Supreme Court if a vacancy occurred,<ref>{{cite web |last=Totenberg |first=Nina |date=January 26, 2022 |title=Justice Stephen Breyer, an influential liberal on the Supreme Court, to retire |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/01/26/1075781724/justice-stephen-breyer-supreme-court-retires |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204091216/https://www.npr.org/2022/01/26/1075781724/justice-stephen-breyer-supreme-court-retires |archive-date=February 4, 2022 |access-date=February 1, 2022 |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref> a promise he reiterated after Breyer announced his retirement.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chung |first1=Andrew |last2=Hurley |first2=Lawrence |last3=Holland |first3=Steve |date=January 28, 2022 |title=Biden vows to nominate Black woman to U.S. Supreme Court by end of February |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/retiring-us-justice-breyer-appear-with-biden-white-house-2022-01-27/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220202194132/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/retiring-us-justice-breyer-appear-with-biden-white-house-2022-01-27/ |archive-date=February 2, 2022 |access-date=February 1, 2022 |work=Reuters}}</ref> On February 25, [[Ketanji Brown Jackson Supreme Court nomination|Biden nominated]] federal judge [[Ketanji Brown Jackson]] to the Supreme Court.<ref>{{cite press release |date=February 25, 2022 |title=President Biden Nominates Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson to Serve as Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/25/president-biden-nominates-judge-ketanji-brown-jackson-to-serve-as-associate-justice-of-the-u-s-supreme-court/ |publisher=[[White House Office]] |access-date=February 26, 2022 |archive-date=February 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228102827/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/25/president-biden-nominates-judge-ketanji-brown-jackson-to-serve-as-associate-justice-of-the-u-s-supreme-court/ |url-status=live}}</ref> She was confirmed by the [[U.S. Senate]] on April 7<ref>{{cite web |last1=Baker |first1=Sam |last2=Gonzalez |first2=Oriana |date=April 7, 2022 |title=Ketanji Brown Jackson confirmed as first Black female Supreme Court justice |url=https://www.axios.com/ketanji-brown-jackson-supreme-court-biden-5aaba226-c0e0-43f6-8952-a803c9c0e29c.html |access-date=April 8, 2022 |website=[[Axios (website)|Axios]]}}</ref> and sworn in on June 30.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bustillo |first1=Ximena |date=June 30, 2022 |title=Ketanji Brown Jackson sworn in as first Black woman on the Supreme Court |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/06/30/1108714345/ketanji-brown-jackson-supreme-court-oath-swearing-in |access-date=July 5, 2022 |publisher=NPR}}</ref> By November 2023, Biden had confirmed 150 federal judges, including 100 women.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 7, 2023 |title=Senate confirms Biden's 150th judge |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/joe-biden/senate-confirms-bidens-150th-judge-rcna123849 |access-date=November 21, 2023 |agency=NBC News}}</ref>

==== Infrastructure and climate ====
{{Further|Build Back Better Plan|Environmental policy of the Joe Biden administration}}
[[File:P20211101AS-0357 (51846489866).jpg|thumb|Biden, UK prime minister [[Boris Johnson]] and UN secretary-general [[António Guterres]] at the opening ceremony of the [[United Nations Climate Change conference|COP26 climate summit]] in Glasgow on November 1, 2021|alt=Phot of Biden, Johnson and Guterres standing onstage]]

As part of Biden's Build Back Better agenda, in late March 2021, he proposed the [[American Jobs Plan]], a $2&nbsp;trillion package addressing issues including transport infrastructure, utilities infrastructure, broadband infrastructure, housing, schools, manufacturing, research and workforce development.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Holland |first1=Steve |last2=Renshaw |first2=Jarrett |date=March 31, 2021 |title=Biden says $2 trillion jobs plan rivals the space race in its ambition |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-biden-infrastructure-idUSKBN2BN13C |url-status=live |access-date=November 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413130443/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-biden-infrastructure-idUSKBN2BN13C |archive-date=April 13, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Siegel |first1=Rachel |date=March 31, 2021 |title=What's in Biden's $2 trillion jobs and infrastructure plan? |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/03/31/what-is-in-biden-infrastructure-plan/ |url-status=live |access-date=November 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401015541/https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/03/31/what-is-in-biden-infrastructure-plan/ |archive-date=April 1, 2021}}</ref> After months of negotiations among Biden and lawmakers, in August 2021 the Senate passed a $1&nbsp;trillion bipartisan infrastructure bill called the [[Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act]],<ref>{{cite news |last1=Romm |first1=Tony |date=August 10, 2021 |title=Senate approves bipartisan, $1 trillion infrastructure bill, bringing major Biden goal one step closer |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/08/10/senate-infrastructure-bill-vote-biden/ |url-status=live |access-date=November 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929154828/https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/08/10/senate-infrastructure-bill-vote-biden/ |archive-date=September 29, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pramuk |first1=Jacob |date=August 10, 2021 |title=Senate passes $1 trillion bipartisan infrastructure bill, sending key part of Biden's economic agenda to the House |publisher=[[CNBC]] |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/10/senate-to-pass-bipartisan-infrastructure-bill.html |url-status=live |access-date=November 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108112959/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/10/senate-to-pass-bipartisan-infrastructure-bill.html |archive-date=November 8, 2021}}</ref> while the House, also in a bipartisan manner, approved that bill in early November 2021, covering infrastructure related to transport, utilities, and broadband.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jalonick |first1=Mary Clare |date=November 7, 2021 |title=Roads, transit, internet: What's in the infrastructure bill |work=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-technology-business-broadband-internet-congress-d89d6bb1b39cd9c67ae9fc91f5eb4c0d |url-status=live |access-date=November 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107214148/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-technology-business-broadband-internet-congress-d89d6bb1b39cd9c67ae9fc91f5eb4c0d |archive-date=November 7, 2021}}</ref> Biden signed the bill into law in mid-November 2021.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Boak |first1=Josh |last2=Long |first2=Colleen |date=November 16, 2021 |title=Biden signs $1T infrastructure deal with bipartisan crowd |work=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-congress-infrastructure-bill-signing-b5b8cca843133de060778f049861b144 |url-status=live |access-date=November 16, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116045821/https://apnews.com/article/joe-biden-congress-infrastructure-bill-signing-b5b8cca843133de060778f049861b144 |archive-date=November 16, 2021}}</ref>

The other core part of the Build Back Better agenda was the [[Build Back Better Act]], a $3.5&nbsp;trillion social spending bill that expands the [[social safety net]] and includes major provisions on climate change.<ref>{{cite web |last=Pramuk |first=Jacob |date=August 11, 2021 |title=Senate approves framework of $3.5 trillion budget plan that would expand Medicare, tax credits and climate initiatives |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/11/senate-passes-3point5-trillion-budget-resolution-after-infrastructure-bill.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411025307/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/11/senate-passes-3point5-trillion-budget-resolution-after-infrastructure-bill.html |archive-date=April 11, 2022 |accessdate=April 13, 2022 |work=CNBC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Frazin |first=Rachel |date=July 14, 2021 |title=Democratic senator: Reconciliation package to include clean electricity standard |url=https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/562983-senator-expects-clean-electricity-standard-to-be-part-of/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026222513/https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/562983-senator-expects-clean-electricity-standard-to-be-part-of |archive-date=October 26, 2021 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]] |accessdate=April 13, 2022}}</ref> The bill did not have Republican support, so Democrats attempted to pass it on a [[party-line vote]] through [[Reconciliation (United States Congress)|budget reconciliation]], but struggled to win the support of Senator [[Joe Manchin]], even as the price was lowered to $2.2&nbsp;trillion.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Nancy |last1=Cordes |first2=Ellis |last2=Kim |first3=Ed |last3=O'Keefe |first4=Weijia |last4=Jiang |first5=Jordan |last5=Freiman |date=October 5, 2021 |title=Biden sets $1.9 – $2.2 trillion price range for social safety net bill in call with House progressives |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-reconciliation-bill-house-democrats-progressives/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023023747/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/biden-reconciliation-bill-house-democrats-progressives/ |archive-date=October 23, 2021 |accessdate=April 13, 2022 |work=[[CBS News]] }}</ref> After Manchin rejected the bill,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Seipel |first1=Arnie |last2=Hernandez |first2=Joe |date=December 19, 2021 |title=Joe Manchin says he won't support President Biden's Build Back Better plan |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/12/19/1065636709/joe-manchin-says-he-cannot-support-bidens-build-back-better-plan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411025452/https://www.npr.org/2021/12/19/1065636709/joe-manchin-says-he-cannot-support-bidens-build-back-better-plan |archive-date=April 11, 2022 |accessdate=April 13, 2022 |work=[[NPR]] }}</ref> the Build Back Better Act's size was reduced. It was comprehensively reworked into the [[Inflation Reduction Act of 2022]], covering deficit reduction, climate change, healthcare, and tax reform.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dennis |first=Brady |date=August 14, 2022 |title=As Congress funds high-tech climate solutions, it also bets on a low-tech one: Nature |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2022/08/14/nature-climate-solutions-inflation-reduction-act/ |access-date=August 29, 2022}}</ref>

The [[Inflation Reduction Act of 2022]] was introduced by senators [[Chuck Schumer]] and [[Joe Manchin]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bose |first1=Nandita |last2=Holland |first2=Steve |date=August 17, 2022 |title=Biden signs inflation act, hands pen to Manchin |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-signs-430-billion-climate-healthcare-tax-bill-2022-08-16/ |access-date=August 21, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Walters |first1=Joanna |last2=Helmore |first2=Edward |date=July 31, 2022 |title=Joe Manchin hails expansive bill he finally agrees to as 'great for America' |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jul/31/joe-manchin-hails-deal-inflation-reduction-act |access-date=August 21, 2022}}</ref> The package aimed to raise $739 billion and authorize $370 billion in spending on energy and [[climate change]], $300 billion in deficit reduction, three years of [[Affordable Care Act]] subsidies, prescription drug reform to lower prices, and [[tax reform]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Greve |first=Joan E. |date=August 7, 2022 |title=Senate passes $739bn healthcare and climate bill after months of wrangling |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/aug/07/inflation-reduction-act-senate-democrats-pass |access-date=August 21, 2022}}</ref> According to an analysis by the Rhodium Group, the bill will lower [[Climate change in the United States|US greenhouse gas emissions]] between 31 percent and 44 percent below 2005 levels by 2030.<ref name="Joan">{{cite news |last1=E Greve |first1=Joan |date=August 12, 2022 |title=US House passes Democrats' landmark healthcare and climate bill |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/aug/12/us-house-passes-climate-bill-inflation-reduction-act |access-date=August 14, 2022}}</ref> On August 7, 2022, the Senate passed the bill (as amended) on a 51–50 vote, with all Democrats voting in favor, all Republicans opposed, and Vice President [[Kamala Harris]] [[List of tie-breaking votes cast by the vice president of the United States|breaking the tie]]. The bill was passed by the House on August 12<ref name="Joan" /> and was signed by Biden on August 16.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pitas |first=Costas |date=August 13, 2022 |title=Biden to sign $430 billion climate and tax bill into law next week |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-sign-430-bln-climate-tax-bill-into-law-next-week-2022-08-12/ |access-date=August 14, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Shabad |first1=Rebecca |last2=Egan |first2=Lauren |date=August 16, 2022 |title=Biden signs major climate, health care and tax bill into law |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/joe-biden/biden-sign-major-climate-health-care-spending-bill-rcna43269 |access-date=August 16, 2022 |agency=[[NBC News]]}}</ref>

Before and during the [[2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] (COP26), Biden promoted an agreement that the U.S. and the [[European Union]] cut methane emissions by a third by 2030 and tried to add dozens of other countries to the effort.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Natter |first1=Ari |last2=A Dlouhy |first2=Jennifer |last3=Krukowska |first3=Ewa |title=U.S. and EU Vow Steep Methane Cuts Ahead of Climate Summit |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-14/u-s-and-eu-to-pledge-steep-methane-cuts-ahead-of-climate-summit |access-date=September 17, 2021 |agency=Bloomberg |date=September 14, 2021 |archive-date=September 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917193105/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-14/u-s-and-eu-to-pledge-steep-methane-cuts-ahead-of-climate-summit |url-status=live }}</ref> Biden pledged to double climate funding to developing countries by 2024.<ref>{{cite news |title=Biden pledges to double U.S. climate change aid; some activists unimpressed |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/us-seeks-double-climate-change-aid-developing-nations-biden-2021-09-21/ |first= Valerie |last=Volcovici |access-date=September 29, 2021 |work=Reuters |date=September 21, 2021 |archive-date=September 25, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925130818/https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/us-seeks-double-climate-change-aid-developing-nations-biden-2021-09-21/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Also at COP26, the U.S. and China reached a deal on greenhouse gas emission reduction. The two countries are responsible for 40 percent of global emissions.<ref>{{cite news |title=COP26: Cautious welcome for unexpected US-China climate agreement |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59243434 |access-date=November 15, 2021 |agency=Reuters |date=November 11, 2021 |archive-date=November 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114161429/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59243434 |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 2023, when the [[2023 heat waves]] [[2023 Western North America heat wave|hit the U.S.]], Biden announced several measures to protect the population and said the heat waves were linked to climate change.<ref>{{cite web |title=FACT SHEET: President Biden Announces New Actions to Protect Workers and Communities from Extreme Heat |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/07/27/fact-sheet-president-biden-to-announce-new-actions-to-protect-workers-and-communities-from-extreme-heat/ |website=The White House |date=July 27, 2023 |access-date=August 15, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sprunt |first1=Barbara |title=Biden rolled out some new measures to respond to extreme heat as temperatures soar |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/07/27/1190435892/biden-extreme-heat-climate |access-date=August 15, 2023 |agency=NPR |date=July 27, 2023}}</ref>

==== COVID-19 diagnosis ====
On July 21, 2022, Biden tested positive for [[COVID-19]] with reportedly mild symptoms.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wingrove |first1=Josh |last2=Sink |first2=Justin |date=July 21, 2022 |title=Biden Tests Positive for Covid, Has Mild Symptoms, White House Says |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-07-21/biden-is-positive-for-covid-has-mild-symptoms-white-house-says |access-date=July 21, 2022 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> According to the White House, he was treated with [[Paxlovid]].<ref name="NYTimesPositive">{{Cite web |last=Shear |first=Michael |date=July 21, 2022 |title=Biden, 79, is experiencing fatigue, a runny nose and a dry cough after testing positive. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/21/us/politics/biden-covid-positive.html |access-date=July 21, 2022 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> He worked in isolation in the White House for five days<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Liptak |first1=Kevin |last2=Klein |first2=Betsy |last3=Sullivan |first3=Kate |date=July 27, 2022 |title=Biden 'feeling great' and back to work in person after testing negative for Covid-19 |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/27/politics/joe-biden-negative-covid-test/index.html |access-date=July 30, 2022 |website=CNN}}</ref> and returned to isolation when he tested positive again on July 30.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Kevin |last=Liptak |date=July 30, 2022 |title=President Joe Biden tests positive for Covid-19 again |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/30/politics/joe-biden-covid-19-positive/index.html |access-date=July 30, 2022 |website=CNN}}</ref>

==== Other domestic policy issues ====
In 2022, Biden endorsed a change to the [[Filibuster in the United States Senate|Senate filibuster]] to allow for the passing of the [[Freedom to Vote Act]] and [[John Lewis Voting Rights Act]], on both of which the Senate had failed to invoke [[cloture]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Subramanian |first=Courtney |date=January 11, 2022 |title='Let the majority prevail': Biden backs filibuster change to pass voting rights in Atlanta speech |newspaper=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2022/01/11/biden-endorses-filibuster-change-voting-rights/9165060002/ |url-status=live |accessdate=April 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114062405/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2022/01/11/biden-endorses-filibuster-change-voting-rights/9165060002/ |archive-date=January 14, 2022}}</ref> The rules change failed when two Democratic senators, [[Joe Manchin]] and [[Kyrsten Sinema]], joined Senate Republicans in opposing it.<ref name=":5">{{cite news |last1=Foran |first1=Clare |last2=Zaslav |first2=Ali |last3=Barrett |first3=Ted |date=January 19, 2022 |title=Senate Democrats suffer defeat on voting rights after vote to change rules fails |work=CNN |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/19/politics/senate-voting-legislation-filibuster/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=February 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409161903/https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/19/politics/senate-voting-legislation-filibuster/index.html |archive-date=April 9, 2022}}</ref> In April 2022, Biden signed into law the bipartisan [[Postal Service Reform Act of 2022]] to revamp the finances and operations of the [[United States Postal Service]] agency.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fossum |first1=Sam |last2=Vasquez |first2=Maegan |date=April 6, 2022 |title=Biden signs US Postal Service reform bill into law |work=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/04/06/politics/biden-postal-service-reform-law-signing/index.html |access-date=August 17, 2022}}</ref>

On July 28, 2022, the Biden administration announced it would fill four wide gaps on the [[Mexico–United States border]] in [[Arizona]] near [[Yuma, Arizona|Yuma]], an area with some of the busiest corridors for illegal crossings. During his presidential campaign, Biden had pledged to cease all future [[Trump wall|border wall construction]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Snow |first=Anita |date=July 28, 2022 |title=US to fill border wall gaps at open area near Yuma, Arizona |url=https://apnews.com/article/mexico-arizona-colorado-river-dams-yuma-705ac42dca8af0288514e9dd723d392c |access-date=August 4, 2022 |work=Associated Press News}}</ref> This occurred after both allies and critics of Biden criticized his administration's management of the southern border.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Alvarez |first1=Priscilla |last2=Sullivan |first2=Kate |date=July 29, 2022 |title=Biden administration to close border wall gaps in Arizona |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/29/politics/biden-border-wall-gaps-arizona/index.html |access-date=August 20, 2022 |agency=CNN}}</ref>

[[File:P20220727AS-0409-1 (52386660528).jpg|thumb|left|Biden and senior advisers watch the Senate pass the [[CHIPS and Science Act]] on July 27, 2022.|alt=Photo of Biden and staffers, seated, looking at a television]]

In the summer of 2022, several other pieces of legislation Biden supported passed Congress. The [[Bipartisan Safer Communities Act]] aimed to address gun reform issues following the [[Robb Elementary School shooting]] in [[Uvalde, Texas]].<ref>{{cite news |date=June 23, 2022 |title=Statement of Administration Policy |agency=White House |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Bipartisan-Safer-Communities-Act-SAP-1.pdf |access-date=August 17, 2022}}</ref> The act's gun control provisions include extended [[background check]]s for gun purchasers under 21, clarification of [[Federal Firearms License]] requirements, funding for state [[red flag law]]s and other [[crisis intervention]] programs, further criminalization of [[arms trafficking]] and [[straw purchase]]s, and partial closure of the [[boyfriend loophole]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bipartisan Safer Communities Act Section-By-Section |work=[[Politico]] |url=https://www.politico.com/https:/static.politico.com/5a/aa/dd11b34e4b9fa05d8abdb2b6246d/bipartisan-safer-communities-act-section-by-section.pdf |access-date=August 17, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=DeBonis |first1=Mike |last2=Caldwell |first2=Leigh Ann |date=June 21, 2022 |title=Senate votes to advance bipartisan gun deal, breaking 30-year logjam |newspaper=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/06/21/senate-gun-deal/ |access-date=June 22, 2022 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Foran |first1=Clare |last2=Wilson |first2=Kristin |last3=Grayer |first3=Annie |date=June 25, 2022 |title=Biden will sign first major federal gun safety legislation in decades on Saturday, White House says |agency=[[CNN]] |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/06/24/politics/house-vote-bipartisan-safer-communities-act/index.html |access-date=August 17, 2022}}</ref> Biden signed the bill on June 25, 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last=Weissert |first=Will |date=June 25, 2022 |title=Biden signs landmark gun measure, says 'lives will be saved' |work=[[Associated Press News]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-signs-gun-violence-bill-c21249287f976c2c164d8753205c2e6d |access-date=August 17, 2022}}</ref>

The [[Honoring our PACT Act of 2022]] was introduced in 2021 and signed into law by Biden on August 10, 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shabad |first1=Rebecca |last2=Egan |first2=Lauren |date=August 10, 2022 |title=Biden signs bill to expand benefits for veterans exposed to toxic burn pits |publisher=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/10/biden-signs-bill-to-expand-benefits-for-veterans-exposed-to-toxic-burn-pits.html |access-date=August 17, 2022}}</ref> The act intends to significantly improve healthcare access and funding for veterans who were exposed to toxic substances, including [[burn pits]], during military service.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dean |first1=Jessica |last2=Zaslav |first2=Ali |date=August 3, 2022 |title=Senate passes long-sought bill to help veterans affected by burn pits |work=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2022/08/02/politics/senate-vote-burn-pits/index.html |access-date=August 17, 2022}}</ref> 

On October 6, 2022, Biden pardoned all Americans convicted of "small" amounts of [[Cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] possession under federal law.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last1=Daniels |first1=Eugene |last2=Fertig |first2=Natalie |date=October 6, 2022 |title=Biden pardons marijuana offenses, calls for review of federal law |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/10/06/biden-to-pardon-marijuana-offenses-call-for-review-of-federal-law-00060796 |access-date=October 8, 2022 |magazine=[[Politico]]}}</ref> On December 22, 2023, he pardoned Americans of cannabis use or possession on federal lands regardless of whether they had been charged or prosecuted.<ref>{{cite web |last=Shivaram |first=Deepa | url=https://www.npr.org/2023/12/22/1221230390/biden-pardons-clemency-marijuana-drug-offenses | title=Biden expands pardons for marijuana possession and grants clemency to 11 | website=[[NPR]] | date=December 22, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Miller |first=Zeke | url=https://apnews.com/article/biden-marijuana-pardons-clemency-02abde991a05ff7dfa29bfc3c74e9d64 | title=Biden pardons thousands convicted of marijuana charges on federal lands and in Washington | website=[[Associated Press]] | date=December 22, 2023 }}</ref> Two months after his first round of pardons, he signed the [[Respect for Marriage Act]], which repealed the [[Defense of Marriage Act]] and requires the federal government to recognize the validity of [[Same-sex marriage in the United States|same-sex]] and [[Interracial marriage in the United States|interracial]] marriages.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shear |first=Michael D. |date=December 13, 2022 |title=Biden Signs Bill to Protect Same-Sex Marriage Rights |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/13/us/politics/biden-same-sex-marriage-bill.html |access-date=December 14, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

====2022 elections====
{{Main|2022 United States elections}}
[[File:Biden rally at Bowie State University (52485660899).jpg|thumb|Biden holding a rally at [[Bowie State University]] in [[Maryland]] for gubernatorial candidate [[Wes Moore]], November 7, 2022|alt=Photo of Biden holding a microphone at a campaign rally, with his jacket off and sleeves rolled up]]

On September 2, 2022, in a nationally broadcast [[Battle for the Soul of the Nation speech|Philadelphia speech]], Biden called for a "battle for the soul of the nation". Off camera, he called Trump supporters "semi-fascists", which Republican commentators denounced.<ref>{{cite news |last1=O'Keefe |first1=Ed |last2=Cook |first2=Sara |date=September 2, 2022 |title=Biden delivers prime-time speech on the "battle for the soul of the nation" in Philadelphia |agency=[[CBS News]] |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/biden-speech-philadelphia-democracy-watch-live-stream-today-2022-09-01/ |access-date=October 14, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Weisman |first=Jonathan |date=September 2, 2022 |title=Four takeaways from President Biden's speech in Philadelphia |newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]] |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/ct-aud-nw-nyt-biden-philadelphia-speech-20220902-zsfckr7n7jf4rbowcu6e2pre2i-story.html |access-date=October 14, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Naughtie |first=Andrew |date=September 5, 2022 |title=Jan 6 committee members back Biden remarks on Trump 'fascism' after rally guest defends neo-Nazi rioter: Joe Biden's warnings of creeping fascism on the pro-Trump right have fired up ex-president's followers and dissenters alike |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/jan-6-trump-fascism-rally-lofgren-raskin-b2159938.html |access-date=October 14, 2022}}</ref> A predicted Republican [[Wave elections in the United States|wave election]] did not materialize and the race for [[U.S. Congress]] control was much closer than expected, with Republicans securing a slim majority of [[2022 United States House of Representatives elections|222 seats in the House of Representatives]],<ref name="Hounshell 2022">{{cite news |last=Hounshell |first=Blake |date=November 9, 2022 |title=Five Takeaways From a Red Wave That Didn't Reach the Shore |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/09/us/politics/midterm-elections-takeaways.html |access-date=November 9, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Knowles & Scherer 2022">{{cite news |last1=Knowles |first1=Hannah |last2=Scherer |first2=Michael |date=November 9, 2022 |title=Democrats show strength, leaving fight for control of Congress unresolved |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/elections/2022/11/08/house-senate-race/ |access-date=November 9, 2022}}</ref><ref name="McGraw 2022">{{cite magazine |last=McGraw |first=Meridith |date=November 9, 2022 |title=Trump's biggest midterm bets don't pay out |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2022/11/09/trump-endorsed-candidates-2022-election-results |access-date=November 9, 2022 |magazine=[[Politico]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Breuninger |first=Kevin |date=November 16, 2022 |title=Republicans take control of the House, NBC News projects |agency=[[CNBC]] |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/16/midterm-house-elections-2022-republicans-take-control-of-the-house.html |access-date=November 16, 2022}}</ref> and the Democratic caucus keeping control of the [[2022 United States Senate elections|U.S. Senate]], with 51 seats, a gain of one seat from the last Congress.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 8, 2022 |title=2022 Election: Live Analysis and Results |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/live-blog/2022-midterm-election/ |access-date=November 9, 2022 |website=FiveThirtyEight}}</ref>{{efn|[[Kyrsten Sinema]], whose seat was not up for election in 2022, left the Democratic Party and became an [[independent politician]] in December 2022, after the election but before the swearing in of the next Congress. As a result, 48 Democrats (rather than 49), plus [[Angus King]] and [[Bernie Sanders]], independents who caucus with Democrats, were in the Senate upon commencement of the [[118th United States Congress]], on January 3, 2023. Sinema has opted to caucus with neither party but to continue to align with the Democrats, bringing the Democratic Senate majority to 51 seats.<ref>{{USCongRec|2023|S22|January 3, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Skelley |first=Geoffrey |date=December 9, 2022 |title=Why Kyrsten Sinema Left The Democratic Party |url=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-kyrsten-sinema-left-the-democratic-party/ |access-date=December 11, 2022 |website=FiveThirtyEight|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606220147/https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-kyrsten-sinema-left-the-democratic-party/ |archive-date=June 6, 2023}}</ref>}}

It was the first midterm election since [[1986 United States gubernatorial elections|1986]] in which the party of the incumbent president achieved a net gain in governorships, and the first since [[1934 United States elections|1934]] in which the president's party lost no state legislative chambers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Enten |first=Harry |date=November 13, 2022 |title=How Joe Biden and the Democratic Party defied midterm history |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/13/politics/democrats-biden-midterm-elections-senate-house/index.html |access-date=November 28, 2022 |agency=CNN}}</ref> Democrats credited Biden for their unexpectedly favorable performance,<ref>{{Cite web |first=Lauren |last=Gambino |date=November 20, 2022 |title='You did it!': Biden basks in midterms afterglow after beating expectations |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/nov/20/joe-biden-midterms-democrats-presidency |access-date=November 28, 2022 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> and he celebrated the results as a strong day for democracy.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baker |first=Peter |date=November 9, 2022 |title=Biden Celebrates Beating the Odds, but He Faces a New Challenge |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/09/us/politics/biden-midterms-republicans.html |access-date=November 28, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>