Harry S. Truman

==== Steel and coal strikes ====
{{Further|1952 steel strike}}
In response to a labor/management impasse arising from bitter disagreements over wage and price controls, Truman instructed his [[United States Secretary of Commerce|Secretary of Commerce]], [[Charles W. Sawyer]], to take control of a number of the nation's steel mills in April 1952. Truman cited his authority as commander in chief and the need to maintain an uninterrupted supply of steel for munitions for the war in Korea. The Supreme Court found Truman's actions unconstitutional, however, and reversed the order in a major [[separation of powers|separation-of-powers]] decision, ''[[Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer]]'' (1952). The 6–3&nbsp;decision, which held that Truman's assertion of authority was too vague and was not rooted in any legislative action by Congress, was delivered by a court composed entirely of justices appointed by either Truman or Roosevelt. The high court's reversal of Truman's order was one of the notable defeats of his presidency.<ref>Chong-do Hah, and Robert M. Lindquist, "[https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/29312/1952SteelSeizureRevisited.pdf?sequence=1 The 1952 steel seizure revisited: A systematic study in presidential decision making]". ''Administrative Science Quarterly'' (1975): 587–605.</ref>