Christian right Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ==Movements outside the United States== {{Christian Democracy sidebar}} While the Christian Right is a strong movement in the United States, it also has a presence in Canada. Alan Curtis suggests that the American Christian right "is a phenomenon that is very hard for Europeans to understand."<ref>Curtis, ''Patriotism, Democracy, and Common Sense'' (2005) p 126</ref><ref>Geiko Müller-Fahrenholz, ''America's battle for God: a European Christian looks at civil religion'' (2007) p xviii</ref> Robin Pettitt, a professor at [[Kingston University London]], states, however, that like the Christian right in the US, [[Christian democracy|Christian Democratic]] movements in Europe and Latin America are "equally driven by the debate over the role of the state and the church in political, social and moral life."<ref name="Pettitt2014">{{cite book|last=Pettitt|first=Robin T.|title=Contemporary Party Politics|date=June 24, 2014|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|language=en |isbn=9781137412645|page=66|quote=Again, parties mobilised on religious grounds, most notable in the form of Christian Democratic parties found in, for example, Germany, but also, sometimes to a lesser extent, in much of the rest of Europe. Christian Democratic parties are also found in Chile and Mexico. It could be argued that the rise of the Christian right in the United States and its increased strength in the Republican Party is an example of this cleavage at work. The Christian right in the United States ... is equally driven by the debate over the role of the state and the church in political, social and moral life.}}</ref> ===Canada=== {{further|Social conservatism in Canada}} {{See also|Abortion in Canada}} Religion has been a key factor in Canadian politics since well before the [[Canadian Confederation]] was established in 1867, when the [[Conservative Party of Canada (historical)|Conservatives]] were the party of traditionalist Catholics and Anglicans and the [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberals]] were the party of [[Protestant]] dissenters and [[anti-clerical]] Catholics. This pattern largely remained until the mid-twentieth century when a new division emerged between the [[Christian left]] (represented by the [[Social Gospel]] philosophy and [[ecumenicism]]) and the Christian right (represented by [[fundamentalism]] and [[biblical literalism]]). The [[Christian left]] (along with the secular and anti-religious left) became supporters of the [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|New Democratic Party]] while the right moved to the [[Social Credit Party (Canada)|Social Credit Party]], especially in Western Canada, and to a lesser extent the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservatives]]. The Social Credit Party, founded in 1935, represented a major change in Canadian religious politics. Until that time, fundamentalists had shunned politics as "[[worldly]]", and a distraction from the proper practice of religion. However, the new party was founded by fundamentalist radio preacher and Bible school teacher [[William Aberhart]] or "Bible Bill". Aberhart mixed his own interpretation of scripture and prophecy with the [[monetary reform]] theories of [[social credit]] to create a movement that swept across Alberta, winning the provincial election of 1935 in a landslide. Aberhart and his disciple [[Ernest Manning]] then governed the province for the next forty years, several times trying to expand into the rest of Canada. In 1987 Manning's son, [[Preston Manning]], founded the new [[Reform Party of Canada]], which soon became the main party of the religious right. It won majorities of the seats in Western Canada in repeated elections, but was unable to break through in Eastern Canada, though it became the [[official opposition]] from 1997 to 2003 (Reform was renamed the [[Canadian Alliance]] in 2000). In 2003 the Canadian Alliance and the Progressive Conservatives merged to create the [[Conservative Party of Canada]], led by [[Stephen Harper]], a member of the [[Christian and Missionary Alliance]], who went on to become [[prime minister of Canada|prime minister]] in 2006. The [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]], introduced by the patriation of the [[Canadian Constitution]] in 1982, has been controversial within the Christian right in Canada. Although this Charter entrenches rights and freedoms (such as the freedom of religion) that central in the belief systems of the Christian right, it has also been interpreted by the [[Supreme Court of Canada]] to strike down many laws supported by the Christian right. In 1982, the Supreme Court struck down Canada's ''[[Blue law|Lords' Day Act]],'' which required many stored to be closed on Sundays, as an infringement the freedom of conscience and religion. Abortion, partly decriminalized in 1969 by an act of [[Parliament of Canada|Parliament]], was completely decriminalized after the two ''R. v. Morgentaler'' cases ([[R. v. Morgentaler|in 1988]] and [[R. v. Morgentaler (1993)|in 1993]]). Parliament attempted to pass a new law governing abortion in 1993, but this legislation failed after a tie vote in the [[Senate of Canada|Senate]]. A series of provincial superior court decisions which legalized same-sex marriage led the federal government to introduce legislation that legalized [[same-sex marriage in Canada|same-sex marriage in all of Canada]]. Before he took office, former [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]] prime minister [[Stephen Harper]] stated that he would hold a free vote on the issue,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/story/2005/11/29/harper-smaesex051129.html |title=Harper reopens same-sex marriage debate |publisher=CBC TV |date=November 30, 2005 |access-date=February 29, 2008}}</ref> and declared the issue closed after it was voted down in the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]] in 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20061207/samesexmarriage_vote_061207?s_name=&no_ads= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106100150/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20061207/samesexmarriage_vote_061207?s_name=&no_ads= |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 6, 2007 |title=Harper declares same-sex marriage issue closed |access-date=February 29, 2008 |date=December 7, 2006 |publisher=CTV}}</ref> In 2013, the Supreme Court struck down [[Prostitution in Canada|Canada's prostitution law]] in ''[[Canada (AG) v Bedford|Canada v Bedford]]'', prompting the Stephen Harper government to introduce a new prostitution law fashioned after the [[Nordic model approach to prostitution|Nordic Model]]. In 2015, the Supreme Court struck down [[Euthanasia in Canada|Canada's prohibition on euthanasia]] in ''[[Carter v Canada (AG)|Carter v Canada]]'', again leading Parliament to pass a new law governing [[euthanasia]]. The Christian right has been critical of all these judicial decisions and have generally been the greatest advocates for the stringent laws against abortion, same-sex marriage, prostitution, and euthanasia, though in differing degrees. For instance, the Christian right in Canada is strongly and vocally organized on the topic of abortion, but criticism of same-sex marriage is far more seldom.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2017 |title=Position Paper #93: Religion and Abortion |url=https://www.arcc-cdac.ca/media/position-papers/93-Religion-and-Abortion.pdf |access-date=2024-03-14 |website=arcc-cdac.ca}}</ref> === The Caribbean, Latin America, and Sub-Saharan Africa === {{Main|Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America}} {{Further|Conservative wave|World Christianity}} Christian right politics in the [[Caribbean]], [[Latin America]], and [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] is strongly connected with the growing propagation of the [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]]-[[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] movement in the [[Global South]] and [[Third World]] countries.<ref name="Freston 2008">{{cite book |author-last=Freston |author-first=Paul |year=2008 |chapter=The Changing Face of Christian Proselytization: New Actors from the Global South |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y5TCBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA109 |editor-last=Hackett |editor-first=Rosalind I. J. |editor-link=Rosalind Hackett |title=Proselytization Revisited: Rights Talk, Free Markets, and Culture Wars |location=[[New York City|New York]] and [[London]] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |edition=1st |pages=109–138 |isbn=9781845532284 |lccn=2007046731}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author-last=Robbins |author-first=Joel |date=October 2004 |title=The Globalization of Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity |editor1-last=Brenneis |editor1-first=Don |editor1-link=Don Brenneis |editor2-last=Strier |editor2-first=Karen B. |editor2-link=Karen B. Strier |journal=[[Annual Review of Anthropology]] |publisher=[[Annual Reviews (publisher)|Annual Reviews]] |volume=33 |pages=117–143 |doi=10.1146/annurev.anthro.32.061002.093421 |issn=1545-4290 |jstor=25064848 |s2cid=145722188}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Corrales |first1=Javier |title=A Perfect Marriage: Evangelicals and Conservatives in Latin America |date=January 17, 2018 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/17/opinion/evangelicals-politics-latin-america.html |access-date=June 2, 2018|newspaper=The New York Times }}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite news |last1=Lissardy |first1=Gerardo |title="La fuerza política más nueva": cómo los evangélicos emergen en el mapa de poder en América Latina |url=http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-43706779 |access-date=June 2, 2018 |agency=BBC}}</ref> Roman Catholics in the Caribbean, Latin America, and Sub-Saharan Africa, despite being normally socially conservative, tend to be more [[Left-wing politics#Economics|left-wing in economics]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Young |first1=Julia |title=The Church in Latin America |url=https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/church-latin-america |access-date=June 2, 2018 |work=[[Commonweal (magazine)|Commonweal]]|date=March 31, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Christianity and Conflict in Latin America |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2006/04/06/christianity-and-conflict-in-latin-america/ |access-date=June 2, 2018 |agency=Pew Research Center |date=April 6, 2006}}</ref> due to the traditional teachings of the [[Catholic social doctrine]].<ref name="bbc" /> Evangelical-Pentecostal Christians, on the other hand, are mostly from the [[Neo-Pentecostalism|neo-Pentecostal movement]], and thus believers in the [[Prosperity theology]] that justifies most of their [[Neoliberalism|neoliberal economic ideas]].<ref name="Freston 2008"/><ref name="bbc" /><ref>{{cite journal |author-last=Haynes |author-first=Naomi |date=March 2012 |title=Pentecostalism and the morality of money: Prosperity, inequality, and religious sociality on the Zambian Copperbelt |url=https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/10092601/HAYNES_2012_Pentecostalism_and_the_Morality_of_Money.pdf |url-status=live |journal=[[Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute]] |publisher=[[Wiley-Blackwell]] on behalf of the [[Royal Anthropological Institute]] |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=123–139 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-9655.2011.01734.x |doi-access=free |issn=1467-9655 |jstor=41350810 |s2cid=142926682 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718220724/https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/10092601/HAYNES_2012_Pentecostalism_and_the_Morality_of_Money.pdf |archive-date=July 18, 2018 |access-date=November 25, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Daniel J. |date=March 2021 |title=The Pentecostal prosperity gospel in Nigeria: Paradoxes of corruption and inequality |journal=[[Journal of Modern African Studies]] |location=[[Cambridge]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=103–122 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X2000066X |pmid=37398918 |pmc=10312994 |issn=1469-7777 |lccn=2001-227388 |oclc=48535892 |s2cid=232223673}}</ref> They are also strongly socially conservative, even for Latin American standards.<ref name="bbc" /> ===Netherlands=== In the Netherlands, Calvinist Protestants have long had their own political parties, now called the [[Reformed Political Party]] (SGP) on the right, and the [[ChristianUnion]] (CU) in the center. For generations they operated their own newspapers and broadcasting association. The SGP has about 28,000 members, and three out of 150 members of the Dutch parliament's lower house. It has always been in opposition to the government.<ref>Alan J. Day, ''Political parties of the world'' (2002) p 343</ref> === Australia === The Christian right draws from both Catholics and Protestants in Australia. Historically, the first Christian right party was the [[Democratic Labor Party (Australia, 1955)|Democratic Labor Party]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Robinson |first=Geoffrey |title=Why the Australian Christian right has weak political appeal |url=http://theconversation.com/why-the-australian-christian-right-has-weak-political-appeal-93735 |access-date=September 14, 2022 |website=The Conversation |date=April 12, 2018 |language=en}}</ref> The Democratic Labor Party was formed in 1955 as a split from the [[Australian Labor Party]] (ALP). In [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], and [[New South Wales]], state executive members, parliamentarians and branch members associated with the Industrial Groups or [[B. A. Santamaria]] and "The Movement" (and therefore strongly identified with [[Roman Catholicism]]) were expelled from the party, and formed the [[Democratic Labor Party (Australia, 1955)|Democratic Labor Party]] (DLP). Later in 1957, a similar split occurred in [[Queensland]], with the resulting group subsequently joining the DLP. The party also had sitting members from [[Tasmania]] and [[New South Wales]] at various times, though it was much stronger in the former mentioned states. The goals of the party were [[Anti-communism|anti communism]], the decentralization of industry, population, administration and ownership.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mackerras |first=N. R. M. |date=1958 |title=Why the DLP Exists |journal=Australian Institute of Policy and Science |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=30–34 |via=JSTOR}}</ref> The party decided, in its view that the ALP was filled with communists, that it would [[Ranked voting|preference]] the ruling conservative [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] and [[National Party of Australia|Country]] parties over the ALP.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parliament of Australia |date=2022 |title=The Democratic Labor Party an overview |url=https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BN/2011-2012/DPLOverview |access-date=September 14, 2022 |website=www.aph.gov.au |language=en-AU}}</ref> However, it was more morally conservative, militantly anti-communist and socially compassionate than the Liberals. The DLP heavily lost ground in the federal election of 1974 that saw its primary vote cut by nearly two-thirds, and the election of an ALP government. The DLP never regained its previous support in subsequent elections and formally disbanded in 1978, but a small group within the party refused to accept this decision and created a small, reformed successor party (now the [[Democratic Labor Party (Australia, 1955)|Democratic Labour Party]]). Though his party was effectively gone, Santamaria and his [[National Civic Council]] (NCC) took a strong diametrically opposed stance to dominant [[Third Way]]/[[neoliberal]]/[[New Right]] tendencies within both the ALP and Liberal parties throughout the eighties and early nineties. The B. A Santamaria and the Democratic Labor party produced many alumni who became the base of the Christian right in Australia. In [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal party]], these were [[Tony Abbott]] and [[Kevin Andrews (politician)|Kevin Andrews]].<ref name=":0" /> Outside the Liberal party, conservative commentator's such as [[Greg Sheridan]] and [[Gerard Henderson|Gerrard Henderson]] also had links to Santamaria. Within the [[Australian Labor Party|Australian Labor Party (ALP)]], this alumni can be found in the [[Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees Association|Shop, Distributive and Allied Employees Association (SDA)]], which de-affiliated from the ALP with the industrial Groups in the 1950s, and then re-affiliated in the 1980s.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schneiders |first=Royce Millar, Ben |date=May 1, 2015 |title=Why is the union that represents supermarket workers stopping gay marriage? |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/why-is-the-union-that-represents-supermarket-workers-stopping-gay-marriage-20150430-1mwl32.html |access-date=September 14, 2022 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref> The SDA opposed gay marriage and abortion, which were some reasons for workers to form another [[RaFFWU|competing union]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Retail and Fast Food Workers Union |title=SDA Facts – Retail and Fast Food Workers Union |url=https://raffwu.org.au/campaigns/industry/campaigns-industry-sda-facts/ |url-status=dead |access-date=September 14, 2022 |archive-date=September 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914125627/https://raffwu.org.au/campaigns/industry/campaigns-industry-sda-facts/ }}</ref> Tony Burke, who opposed euthanasia, came from the SDA.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 10, 2016 |title=Denton lashes out at 'Catholic force' blocking euthanasia laws |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-10/denton-blames-catholic-force-blocking-voluntary-euthanasia/7718152 |access-date=September 14, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Parliament of Australia |title=Hon Tony Burke MP |url=https://www.aph.gov.au/Senators_and_Members/Parliamentarian?MPID=DYW |access-date=September 14, 2022 |website=www.aph.gov.au |language=en-AU}}</ref> Currently, the NCC functions as a minority organization within the Christian Right. The more Protestant strands of the Christian Right have been far more diverse. Fundamentalist Christianity directly inspired [[Fred Nile]] and his parties. Nile in 1967–68 was assistant director of the Billy Graham Crusade in Sydney. The [[Christian Democratic Party (Australia)|Christian Democratic Party]] (initially known as the "Call to Australia" party) is on the strongly religious conservative end of the Australian political spectrum, promoting social conservatism, opposing gay rights and abortion.<ref>Fred Nile, ''Fred Nile: Autobiography'' (Sydney: Strand Publishing: 2001) {{ISBN|1-876825-79-0}}</ref> It gained 9.1% of the vote in the [[New South Wales]] (NSW) state election of 1981, Its support base has generally been restricted to NSW and [[Western Australia]], where it usually gains between 2–4% of votes, with its support being minuscule in other states. The party started to fall apart in 2019 when the moderate faction member, Paul Green, lost his seat, and when a faction of younger people attempted to dismiss the governing board.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandeman |first=John |date=August 9, 2019 |title=CDP crisis meeting for Fred Nile's party – Eternity News |url=https://www.eternitynews.com.au/australia/cdp-crisis-meeting-for-fred-niles-party/,%20https://www.eternitynews.com.au/australia/cdp-crisis-meeting-for-fred-niles-party/ |access-date=September 14, 2022 |website=www.eternitynews.com.au |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lim |first=Anne |date=July 16, 2019 |title=Christian Democrats – regrets, they have a few – Eternity News |url=https://www.eternitynews.com.au/australia/christian-democrats-regrets-they-have-a-few/,%20https://www.eternitynews.com.au/australia/christian-democrats-regrets-they-have-a-few/ |access-date=September 14, 2022 |website=www.eternitynews.com.au |language=en-AU}}</ref> Whilst this failed, it opened up a rift between the traditional party factions that led to prolonged legal disputes and the party winding up in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandeman |first=John |date=March 1, 2022 |title=Winding up order issued for Christian Democratic party – Eternity News |url=https://www.eternitynews.com.au/australia/winding-up-order-issued-for-christian-democratic-party/,%20https://www.eternitynews.com.au/australia/winding-up-order-issued-for-christian-democratic-party/ |access-date=September 14, 2022 |website=www.eternitynews.com.au |language=en-AU}}</ref> Fred Nile would quickly join a new party.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandeman |first=John |date=May 19, 2022 |title=Fred Nile joins a new party, and introduces an Aboriginal rights bill – Eternity News |url=https://www.eternitynews.com.au/australia/fred-nile-joins-a-new-party-and-introduces-an-aboriginal-rights-bill/,%20https://www.eternitynews.com.au/australia/fred-nile-joins-a-new-party-and-introduces-an-aboriginal-rights-bill/ |access-date=September 14, 2022 |website=www.eternitynews.com.au |language=en-AU}}</ref> The [[Family First Party]] is a former political party which was linked with [[Pentecostal Church]] and other smaller Christian denominations, and was also identified with the strongly religious conservative end of the Australian political spectrum. It has had one or two members in the SA parliament since 2002, and in 2004 also managed to elect a Victorian senator. Its electoral support is small, with the largest constituencies being [[South Australia]] (4–6%), and [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] (around 4%). Family First generally receives lower support in national elections than in state elections. [[Family First Party|Family First]] was merged with the [[Australian Conservatives]] Party in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |date=April 25, 2017 |title=Bernardi's Australian Conservatives to merge with Family First |language=en-AU |work=ABC News |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-04-25/cory-bernardi-australian-conservatives-family-first-to-merge/8471244 |access-date=September 14, 2022}}</ref> Outside of the Catholic links to B.A. Santamaria and the minor Protestant parties, some party members of the [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] and [[National Party of Australia|National Party]] [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]] and the [[Australian Labor Party]] also support some of the values of the Christian right on abortion and gay rights. The [[Australian Christian Lobby]] argues for opposition to same-sex marriage in state and federal politics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/queensland/state-election-2012/christianity-and-the-lnp-20120207-1r60g.html|title=Christianity and the LNP|work=[[Brisbane Times]]|date=February 8, 2012}}</ref> ===Other countries=== In [[Northern Ireland]], [[Ian Paisley]] led a Protestant fundamentalist party, the [[Democratic Unionist Party]], which had a considerable influence on the province's culture.<ref>Andrew Vincent, ''Modern Political Ideologies''. John Wiley & Sons, 2009. {{ISBN|1405154950}} (p. 325).</ref><ref>Richard P. Davis, ''Mirror Hate: the Convergent Ideology of Northern Ireland paramilitaries, 1966–1992''. Dartmouth, 1994. {{ISBN|1855215586}} . (p.80)</ref> For a time after the [[2017 United Kingdom general election]], the DUP provided [[confidence and supply]] to the governing Conservative Party, although this agreement provoked concern from socially liberal elements of the party about possible DUP influence on social policy.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kentish|first1=Ben|title=Conservative LGBT activists raise fears over DUP's 'appalling' record on gay rights|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/conservative-lgbt-dup-gay-rights-ruth-davidson-scottish-tory-leader-activists-record-a7783306.html|access-date=June 11, 2017|work=The Independent|date=June 10, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626050438/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/conservative-lgbt-dup-gay-rights-ruth-davidson-scottish-tory-leader-activists-record-a7783306.html|archive-date=June 26, 2017}}</ref> Although there is no evidence this occurred. [[Karen Armstrong]] has mentioned British evangelical leader [[Colin Urquhart]] as advocating positions similar to the Christian Right.<ref>Karen Armstrong, ''A History of God: the 4000-year quest of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam''. Ballantine Books, 1994 p. 390.</ref> In [[Russia]], the [[United Russia]] has collaborated closely with the [[Russian Orthodox Church]], support the [[Kremlin]]'s appeal to [[Social conservatism|social conservatives]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.christiantoday.com/article/how.the.russian.orthodox.church.is.backing.vladimir.putins.new.world.order/81108.htm | title=How the Russian Orthodox Church is backing Vladimir Putin's new world order | date=March 3, 2016 }}</ref> In the [[Philippines]], due to [[History of the Philippines (1521–1898)|Spanish colonization]], and the introduction of the Catholic Church, religious conservatism has a strong influence on national policies. Some have argued that the U.S. Christian right may have roots in the Philippines.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nadal |first=Kevin |date=2011 |title=Filipino American Psychology: A Handbook of Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zN7-s84jAkoC&q=Conservatism+Philippines&pg=PT42 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |page=42 |isbn=9781118019771 |access-date=August 22, 2014 }}</ref> The Swiss [[Federal Democratic Union]] is a small conservative Protestant party with about 1% of the vote.<ref>Alan J. Day, ''Political parties of the world'' (2002) p 449</ref> In [[Scandinavia]], the [[Centre Party (Faroe Islands)|Faroe Island's Centre Party]] is a bible-oriented fundamentalist party with about 4% of the vote. However, the Norwegian [[Christian Democratic Party of Norway|Christian People's Party]], the Swedish [[Christian Democrats (Sweden)|Christian Democrats]] and Danish [[Christian Democrats (Denmark)|Christian Democrats]] are less religiously orthodox and are similar to mainstream European [[Christian Democracy]]. In [[Fiji]], [[Social Democratic Liberal Party|Sodelpa]] is a conservative, nationalist party which seeks to make Christianity the [[state religion]], while the [[constitution of Fiji|constitution]] makes Fiji a secular republic. Following the 2014 general election, Sodelpa is the main opposition party in Parliament. In [[Mexico]], the interests of the Christian right are represented by different political organisations and civil associations. The most notable case is the [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party]], a [[Conservatism|conservative]] party aligned with [[Christian democracy|Christian Democratic]] ideas, notably influenced by the [[Catholic social teaching|Social teaching of the Catholic Church]], and which has held the presidency of Mexico twice. The party's platform states strong [[Anti-abortion movements|opposition to abortion]], [[same-sex marriage]] and the [[Drug liberalization|legalisation of drugs]], among many other conservative policies. In addition, prominent figures in the party have been linked to [[Catholic Church]] organisations. The evangelical caucus, albeit for a relatively short time, was represented by the [[Social Encounter Party]] and the [[Solidarity Encounter Party]], the latter being the successor to the former. Both parties were founded by [[Hugo Eric Flores Cervantes|Hugo Eric Flores]], who according to some sources was an [[Minister (Christianity)|evangelical minister]] before entering politics. Initially statewide for [[Baja California]], Social Encounter came to govern that state in coalition with the National Action Party. The party would later be officialised as a political party at the federal level. Other organisations and associations adhering to the ideals of the Christian right include the Frente Nacional por la Familia, the [[El Yunque (organization)|Organización del Bien Común]], colloquially known as El Yunque and with close ties to the PAN, and the [[Legionaries of Christ]], a Roman Catholic clerical religious order of priests and candidates for the priesthood established in Mexico.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} In [[Brazil]], the evangelical caucus have a great influence at the parliament and in the society in general. The bloc promotes strong socially conservative positions, like [[Anti-abortion movement|opposition to abortion]], LGBT rights, [[marijuana]] legalization, sexual and gender education at schools and support to decrease of age of [[Age of criminal responsibility|defense of infancy]]. Except for left-wing and far-left parties with strong social progressive beliefs like [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]] or [[Socialism and Liberty Party]], Christian conservatives can be found in all political parties of Brazil, but nevertheless they are more common associated with parties like [[Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)|Social Democratic Party]], [[Democratas]], [[Social Liberal Party (Brazil)|PSL]], [[Social Christian Party (Brazil)|Social Christian Party]], [[Brazilian Republican Party]], [[Patriota]] and in the [[Party of the Republic]]. In 2016, [[Marcelo Crivella]], a licensed [[pentecostal]] pastor from the [[Universal Church of the Kingdom of God]], won in a runoff the election to mayor of [[Rio de Janeiro]], the second biggest city in Brazil, with the Brazilian Republican Party, making for the first time an evangelical bloc member mayor of a big city in Brazil. In 2018, Jair Bolsonaro was elected president with massive support of conservative Catholics, Charismatics, Evangelicals and Pentecostals; Another candidate, [[Cabo Daciolo]], from [[Patriota]], attracted much attention from media and public in general, despite a lower votation. Both had a [[right-wing populist]], [[christian nationalism|Christian Nationalist]] program, but Bolsonaro was near to a [[national conservative]] and [[economic liberal]] one, contrasting with an [[Ultranationalist]], [[theocratic]] and [[protectionist]] style of Daciolo.{{citation needed|date=March 2024}} In [[Poland]], the Roman Catholic national-conservative party [[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice]] can be considered to be a party of the Christian right.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/05/family-faith-flag-catholic-religious-right-battle-polands-soul|title=Family, faith, flag: the religious right and the battle for Poland's soul|last=Coman|first=Julian|date=October 5, 2019|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> In [[Hungary]], the ruling national-conservative party [[Fidesz]] can also be considered to be a party of the Christian right. [[Viktor Orbán]] is known for his use of conservative Christian values against immigration and the rise of Islam in Europe.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/14/viktor-orban-budapest-hungary-christianity-with-a-twist|title=Orbán deploys Christianity with a twist to tighten grip in Hungary|last=Walker|first=Shaun|date=July 14, 2019|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/a3b4kk/is-authoritarian-europe-becoming-the-new-hope-of-the-religious-right-v26n1|title=Is Authoritarian Europe Becoming the New Hope of the Religious Right?|last1=Wylesol|first1=Sarah|last2=Posner|first2=George|date=March 15, 2019|website=Vice|language=en}}</ref> The Christian right has a strong position in several Conservative parties worldwide, although many members of these parties would also, paradoxically, strongly oppose such views.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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