California

===Energy===
{{Main|Energy in California}}
{{further|Solar power in California|Wind power in California}}
{{see also|History of oil in California through 1930|Plug-in electric vehicles in California}}
[[File:Moss Landing Power Plant p1270026.jpg|thumb|left|[[Moss Landing Power Plant]], located on the coast of [[Monterey Bay]]]]
Because it is the most populous state in the United States, California is one of the country's largest users of energy. The state has extensive hydro-electric energy generation facilities, however, moving water is the single largest energy use in the state. Also, due to high energy rates, conservation mandates, mild weather in the largest population centers and strong [[environmental movement]], its ''per capita'' energy use is one of the smallest of any state in the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mufson |first=Steven |date=February 17, 2007 |title=In Energy Conservation, Calif. Sees Light |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/16/AR2007021602274.html |access-date=February 28, 2010}}</ref> Due to the high electricity demand, California imports more electricity than any other state, primarily hydroelectric power from states in the Pacific Northwest (via [[Path 15]] and [[Path 66]]) and coal- and natural gas-fired production from the desert Southwest via [[Path 46]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 20, 2011 |title=California—U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |url=http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=CA |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229175513/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=CA |archive-date=December 29, 2010 |access-date=October 28, 2011 |publisher=Tonto.eia.doe.gov}}</ref>

The [[California oil and gas industry|state's crude oil and natural gas deposits]] are located in the Central Valley and [[Offshore oil and gas in California|along the coast]], including the large [[Midway-Sunset Oil Field]]. Natural gas-fired [[List of power stations in California|power plants]] typically account for more than one-half of state electricity generation.

[[File:Ho 000155 170593 515241 4578 (35974057893) (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Ivanpah Solar Power Facility]], located in the [[Mojave Desert]]]]

As a result of the state's strong environmental movement, California has some of the most aggressive [[Renewable energy in California|renewable energy]] goals in the United States. Senate Bill SB 1020 (the Clean Energy, Jobs and Affordability Act of 2022) commits the state to running its operations on clean, renewable energy resources by 2035, and SB 1203 also requires the state to achieve net-zero operations for all agencies. Currently, several [[Solar power in California|solar power plants]] such as the [[Solar Energy Generating Systems]] facility are located in the [[Mojave Desert]]. [[Wind power in California|California's wind farms]] include [[Altamont Pass Wind Farm|Altamont Pass]], [[San Gorgonio Pass Wind Farm|San Gorgonio Pass]], and [[Tehachapi Pass Wind Farm|Tehachapi Pass]]. The Tehachapi area is also where the [[Tehachapi Energy Storage Project]] is located.<ref name="International2">{{Cite web |last=Edison International |title=SCE Unveils Largest Battery Energy Storage Project in North America |url=https://newsroom.edison.com/releases/sce-unveils-largest-battery-energy-storage-project-in-north-america |access-date=May 10, 2020 |website=Edison International}}</ref> Several dams across the state provide [[Hydroelectricity|hydro-electric power]]. It would be possible to convert the total supply to 100% renewable energy, including heating, cooling and mobility, by 2050.<ref>[[Mark Z. Jacobson]] et al.: ''A roadmap for repowering California for all purposes with wind, water, and sunlight''. In: ''[[Energy (journal)|Energy]]'' 73 (2014), 875–889, {{doi|10.1016/j.energy.2014.06.099}}.</ref>

California has one major [[nuclear power]] plant ([[Diablo Canyon Power Plant|Diablo Canyon]]) in operation. The [[San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station|San Onofre nuclear plant]] was shut down in 2013. More than 1,700{{spaces}}tons of [[radioactive waste]] are stored at San Onofre,<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 28, 2018 |title=How a nuclear stalemate left radioactive waste stranded on a California beach |work=The Verge |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/28/17765538/san-onofre-nuclear-generating-station-radioactive-spent-fuel-waste-yucca-mountain}}</ref> and sit on the coast where there is a record of past [[tsunami]]s.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brown |first=Kate |date=November 19, 2019 |title=Opinion: California's San Onofre nuclear plant is a Chernobyl waiting to happen |work=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2019-11-19/san-onofre-nuclear-plant-waste-radioactive}}</ref> Voters [[Anti-nuclear movement in California|banned the approval of new nuclear power plants]] since the late 1970s because of concerns over [[High-level radioactive waste management|radioactive waste disposal]].<ref name="Doyle 2009">{{Cite news |last=Doyle |first=Jim |date=March 9, 2009 |title=Nuclear power industry sees opening for revival |page=A-1 |work=San Francisco Chronicle |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/03/08/MN3H16ANEN.DTL |access-date=January 29, 2010}}</ref>{{refn|Minnesota also has a moratorium on construction of nuclear power plants, which has been in place since 1994.<ref name="Minnesota Nuclear Moratorium">{{cite news |last1=Richert |first1=Catharine |last2=Brown |first2=Gretchen |title=Why nuclear energy is a political minefield in Minnesota |url=https://www.mprnews.org/episode/2023/11/13/why-nuclear-energy-is-a-political-minefield-in-minnesota |access-date=26 March 2024 |work=MPR News |date=13 November 2023}}</ref>|group="note"}} In addition, several cities such as Oakland, [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]] and [[Davis, California|Davis]] have declared themselves as [[nuclear-free zone]]s.