Zimbabwe

===Education===
{{Main|Education in Zimbabwe}}
[[File:Saint-Georges-College.jpg|thumb|[[St. George's College, Harare]] was established in 1896 by a French [[Jesuit]].]]
Large investments in education since independence has resulted in the highest adult literacy rate in Africa which in 2013 was 90.70%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranking of African Countries By Literacy Rate: Zimbabwe No. 1|url=http://theafricaneconomist.com/ranking-of-african-countries-by-literacy-rate-zimbabwe-no-1/|publisher=The African Economist}}</ref> This is lower than the 92% recorded in 2010 by the [[United Nations Development Programme]]<ref name="IRINAfrica">{{Cite web|url=http://ww.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=89947 |title=Zimbabwe: Unlicensed and outdoors or no school at all |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511094256/http://ww.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=89947 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |url-status=dead |website=irinnews.org |publisher=[[OCHA]] |date=23 July 2010 |location=Epworth, Zimbabwe}}</ref><ref name="AllAfrica">{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201007150032.html |title=Zimbabwe: Country Leads in Africa Literacy Race |website=AllAfrica.com |date=14 July 2010 |last=Nyathi |first=Kitsepile}}</ref> and the 97.0% recorded in the 2002 census, while still substantially higher than 80.4% recorded in the 1992 census.<ref>{{cite report|title=Poverty Income Consumption and Expenditure Survey 2011/12 Report|publisher=Zimstat|year=2013|url=http://www.undp.org.zw/component/docman/doc_download/230-zimbabwe-poverty-report-2011-april-17-2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927163223/http://www.undp.org.zw/component/docman/doc_download/230-zimbabwe-poverty-report-2011-april-17-2013 |archive-date=27 September 2013}}</ref>

The wealthier portion of the population usually send their children to independent schools as opposed to the government-run schools which are attended by the majority as these are subsidised by the government. School education was made free in 1980, but since 1988, the government has steadily increased the charges attached to school enrolment until they now greatly exceed the real value of fees in 1980. The Ministry of Education of Zimbabwe maintains and operates the government schools, but the fees charged by independent schools are regulated by the cabinet of Zimbabwe. The education department has stated that 20,000 teachers have left Zimbabwe since 2007 and that half of Zimbabwe's children have not progressed beyond primary school.<ref>{{cite news |author=Nkepile Mabuse |date=28 September 2009 |title=Zimbabwe schools begin fightback |publisher=CNN |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/09/25/zimbabwe.schools/index.html |access-date=28 September 2009}}</ref> Education came under threat since the economic changes in 2000, with teachers going on strike because of low pay, students unable to concentrate because of hunger, and the price of uniforms soaring making this standard a luxury. Teachers were also one of the main targets of Mugabe's attacks because he thought they were not strong supporters.<ref>{{cite news |date=19 April 2007 |title=BBC report on 40 years in Zimbabwe's schools |work=BBC News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6566919.stm |access-date=3 November 2007}}</ref>

Zimbabwe's education system consists of two years of pre-school, seven years of primary and six years of secondary schooling before students can enter university in the country or abroad. The academic year in Zimbabwe runs from January to December, with three terms, separated by one-month breaks, with a total of 40 weeks of school per year. National examinations are written during the third term in November, with [[General Certificate of Education|"O" level]] and [[GCE Advanced Level (United Kingdom)|"A" level]] subjects also offered in June.<ref name="embassy">{{cite web |url=http://harare.usembassy.gov/zimbabwe_educational_profile.html |title=Zimbabwe US Embassy |access-date=15 November 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071118190900/http://harare.usembassy.gov/zimbabwe_educational_profile.html |archive-date=18 November 2007 }}</ref>

There are seven public (government) universities as well as four church-related universities in Zimbabwe that are internationally accredited.<ref name="embassy" /> The [[University of Zimbabwe]], the first and largest, was built in 1952 and is located in the Harare suburb of [[Mount Pleasant, Harare|Mount Pleasant]]. Notable alumni from Zimbabwean universities include Welshman Ncube, [[Peter Moyo]], [[Tendai Biti]], [[Chenjerai Hove]] and Arthur Mutambara. Many of the politicians in the government of Zimbabwe have obtained degrees from universities in the United States or other universities abroad.

[[National University of Science and Technology, Zimbabwe|National University of Science and Technology]] is the second largest public research university in Zimbabwe located in Bulawayo. It was established in 1991. The National University of Science and Technology strives to become a flourishing and reputable institution not only in Zimbabwe and in Southern Africa but also among the international fraternity of universities. [[Africa University]] is a United Methodist university in Manicaland which attracts students from at least 36 African countries.