The Bronx

==Culture and institutions==
{{See also|Culture of New York City|Music of New York City|List of people from the Bronx|List of Registered Historic Places in Bronx County, New York}}The Bronx's recognition as an important center of [[African-American culture]] has led [[Fordham University]] to establish the Bronx African-American History Project (BAAHP).<ref>{{cite web |title=Bronx African American History Project |url=http://www.fordham.edu/academics/programs_at_fordham_/bronx_african_americ/index.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706225306/http://www.fordham.edu/Academics/Programs_at_Fordham_/Bronx_African_Americ/index.asp |archive-date=July 6, 2008 |access-date=July 5, 2008}}</ref>

=== Music ===
[[File:Dj_Kool_Herc-03.jpg|thumb|[[DJ Kool Herc]] in 1999]]
The Bronx has had a long association with music. In the early 19th century, it was a center for the evolution of [[Latin jazz]].{{Cn|date=September 2023}} The [[Bronx Opera]] was founded in the 1960s.{{Cn|date=September 2023}}

In the 1970s, The Bronx was strongly associated with the development of [[Hip hop music|hip hop]] music. One of the genre's pioneers, [[DJ Kool Herc]], held parties in the community room of an apartment building at 1520 [[Sedgwick Avenue]], where he experimented with [[Turntablism|turntablist]] techniques such as [[DJ mix|mixing]] and [[scratching]] of [[funk]] records, as well as [[rapping]] during extended instrumentals.<ref>David Gonzalez, [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/21/nyregion/21citywide.html "Will Gentrification Spoil the Birthplace of Hip-Hop?"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 21, 2007, retrieved on July 1, 2008</ref><ref>Jennifer Lee, [http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/01/15/tenants-might-buy-the-birthplace-of-hip-hop "Tenants Might Buy the Birthplace of Hip-Hop"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', January 15, 2008, retrieved on July 1, 2008</ref><ref name="PBS">Tukufu Zuberi ("detective"), "Birthplace of Hip Hop", ''[[History Detectives]]'', Season 6, Episode 11, New York City, found at [https://www.pbs.org/opb/historydetectives/investigations/611_hiphop.html PBS official website]. Accessed February 24, 2009.</ref> Other significant Bronx DJs from this period include [[Grandmaster Flash]] and [[Afrika Bambaataa]].{{Cn|date=September 2023}}.
In addition, [[The Bronx]] was important for drill culture by raising rappers such as [[Kay Flock]], [[Sha EK]] and many others.

===Sports===
[[File:New Yankee Stadium.JPG|thumb|New [[Yankee Stadium]] at 161st and River Avenue]]

The Bronx is the home of the [[New York Yankees]], nicknamed "the Bronx Bombers", of [[Major League Baseball]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/yankees|title=The Official website of the New York Yankees|website=Yankees.com|publisher=[[MLB Advanced Media]]|access-date=January 7, 2022}}</ref> The original [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|Yankee Stadium]] opened in 1923 on 161st Street and River Avenue, a year that saw the Yankees bring home the first of their 27 [[World Series]] championships; with seating for 58,000 in three decks, it was the largest MLB statdium of its day.<ref>Perry, Dayn. [https://www.cbssports.com/mlb/news/old-yankee-stadiums-rise-and-fall-complete-story-of-the-house-that-ruth-built-100-years-after-its-opening/ "Old Yankee Stadium's rise and fall: Complete story of 'The House that Ruth Built' 100 years after its opening"], [[CBS Sports]], April 18, 2023. Accessed January 2, 2024. "Spring 1923 After just 284 working days, construction on the massive Yankee Stadium is completed. In terms of its breadth, it is a first in baseball. It is the first baseball stadium with three decks and an electronic scoreboard. It's also the first major-league playing field to be encircled by a running path, which will later become MLB's first warning track. The seating capacity of 58,000 puts Yankee Stadium far above its peers of the day."</ref> With the famous façade, the short right field porch and Monument Park, Yankee Stadium has been home to many of baseball's greatest players including [[Babe Ruth]], [[Lou Gehrig]], [[Joe DiMaggio]], [[Whitey Ford]], [[Yogi Berra]], [[Mickey Mantle]], [[Reggie Jackson]], [[Thurman Munson]], [[Don Mattingly]], [[Derek Jeter]] and [[Mariano Rivera]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mlb.com/yankees/history/timeline-1900s|title=Yankees Timeline – 1900s |website=New York Yankees |publisher=MLB.com |access-date=January 7, 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127121436/https://www.mlb.com/yankees/history/timeline-1900s |archive-date= Jan 27, 2022 }}</ref>

The original stadium was the scene of [[Lou Gehrig]]'s Farewell Speech in 1939, Don Larsen's perfect game in the 1956 World Series, Roger Maris' record breaking 61st home run in 1961, and Reggie Jackson's 3 home runs to clinch Game 6 of the 1977 World Series. The Stadium was the former home of the [[New York Giants]] of the [[National Football League]] from 1956 to 1973. It would be renovated during the Yankees' 1974 and 1975 seasons, while they played at [[Shea Stadium]] in [[Queens (borough)|Queens]], then the home stadium of the [[New York Mets]]; the refurbished Yankee Stadium opened in 1976, and saw its first three seasons end in World Series appearances (a loss in 1976, and wins in 1977 and 1978).

The original Yankee Stadium closed in 2008 to make way for a new [[Yankee Stadium]] in which the team started play in 2009. It is north-northeast of the 1923 Yankee Stadium, on the former site of [[Macombs Dam Park]].<ref>"[https://www.lehman.edu/vpadvance/artgallery/arch/buildings/Yannkee_Sta.html Yankee Stadium]", [[Lehman College]] Art Gallery. Accessed January 2, 2024. "2009's Yankee Stadium has been built on public parkland in adjoining Macombs Dam Park, and again supported by the City, at an estimated cost of 450 million dollars. (With a total price of 1.3 billion dollars, the new stadium is the second most expensive in the world.)"</ref> The current Yankee Stadium is also the home of [[New York City FC]] of [[Major League Soccer]], who began play in 2015.<ref>[https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/new-york-city-fc-announce-yankee-stadium-be-home-field-2015-season "New York City FC announce Yankee Stadium to be home field for 2015 season"], [[Major League Soccer]], April 21, 2014. Accessed January 2, 2024. "New York City FC will play their inaugural season in Major League Soccer at Yankee Stadium, the club announced on Monday at a press conference at the stadium."</ref>

The Yankees won 26 World Series titles while playing at the first Yankee Stadium; they added a 27th in 2009 at the end of their first season in their current home.<ref>[https://www.si.com/mlb/2013/10/15/new-york-yankees-27-world-championships#gid=ci0255c77ff0012781&pid=1923 "New York Yankees 27 World Championships"], ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'', October 15, 2013. Accessed January 2, 2024. "It was only fitting that the Yankees christened their new stadium with their 27th World Series title."</ref>

===Off-Off-Broadway===
{{Main|Off-Off-Broadway}}

The Bronx is home to several [[Off-Off-Broadway]] theaters, many staging new works by immigrant playwrights from Latin America and Africa. The [[Pregones Theater]], which produces Latin American work, opened a new 130-seat theater in 2005 on Walton Avenue in the South Bronx. Some artists from elsewhere in New York City have begun to converge on the area, and housing prices have nearly quadrupled in the area since 2002. However, rising prices directly correlate to a housing shortage across the city and the entire metro area.

===Arts===
The [[Bronx Academy of Arts and Dance]], founded in 1998 by [[Arthur Aviles]] and Charles Rice-Gonzalez, provides dance, theatre and art workshops, festivals and performances focusing on contemporary and modern art in relation to race, gender and sexuality. It is home to the Arthur Aviles Typical Theatre, a contemporary dance company, and the Bronx Dance Coalition. The academy was formerly in the [[American Bank Note Company Building]] before relocating to a venue on the grounds of St. Peter's Episcopal Church.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.baadbronx.org/about.html|title=About|website=BAAD! Bronx Academy of Arts and Dance|access-date=August 26, 2017|archive-date=August 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827043233/http://www.baadbronx.org/about.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Bronx Museum of the Arts]], founded in 1971, exhibits 20th century and contemporary art through its central museum space and {{convert|11000|sqft|m2|-2}} of galleries. Many of its exhibitions are on themes of special interest to the Bronx. Its permanent collection features more than 800 works of art, primarily by artists from Africa, Asia and Latin America, including paintings, photographs, prints, drawings, and mixed media. The museum was temporarily closed in 2006 while it underwent an expansion designed by the architectural firm [[Arquitectonica]] that would double the museum's size to {{convert|33000|sqft}}.<ref>[https://www.archpaper.com/2006/10/new-and-improved-bronx-museum/ "New and Improved Bronx Museum"], ''[[The Architect's Newspaper]]'', October 20, 2006. Accessed May 14, 2021. "One of the first and most notable additions is a $19 million expansion of the Bronx Museum of Art, designed by Bernardo Fort-Brescia and his firm Arquitectonica. Rising three towering stories above the busy street, the northern wing of the museum is the first phase of a project that will literally unfold to the corner, eventually replacing the squat former-synagogue the museum has occupied since 1982. It adds 16,700 square feet to an existing 33,000."</ref>

The Bronx has also become home to a peculiar poetic tribute in the form of the "[[Heinrich Heine]] Memorial", better known as the [[Lorelei Fountain]]. After Heine's German birthplace of [[Düsseldorf]] had rejected, allegedly for [[antisemitic]] motives, a centennial monument to the radical [[German-Jewish]] poet (1797–1856), his incensed [[German-American]] admirers, including [[Carl Schurz]], started a movement to place one instead in [[Midtown Manhattan]], at [[Fifth Avenue]] and 59th Street. However, this intention was thwarted by a combination of ethnic antagonism, aesthetic controversy and political struggles over the institutional control of public art.<ref name="GrayNYT2007">Christopher Gray, [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/27/realestate/27scap.html "Sturm und Drang Over a Memorial to Heinrich Heine"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 27, 2007, retrieved on July 3, 2008.. See also [http://www.lehman.edu/vpadvance/artgallery/publicart/J_kilmer_pk.htm Public Art in the Bronx: Joyce Kilmer Park] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306134446/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/27/realestate/27scap.html |date=March 6, 2014 }}, from [[Lehman College]] {{Cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/27/realestate/27scap.html |title=Sturm und Drang over a Memorial to Heinrich Heine |newspaper=The New York Times |date=May 27, 2007 |access-date=November 26, 2007 |archive-date=March 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306134446/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/27/realestate/27scap.html |url-status=bot: unknown |last1=Gray |first1=Christopher }}</ref> In 1899, the memorial by [[Ernst Gustav Herter]] was placed in [[Joyce Kilmer Park]], near the [[Yankee Stadium]]. In 1999, it was moved to 161st Street and the Concourse.

===Maritime heritage===
[[File:Bronx Zoo - NY - USA - panoramio.jpg|thumb|The [[Bronx Zoo]] is the largest zoo in New York City, and among the largest in the country.]]
The [[peninsula]]r borough's maritime heritage is acknowledged in several ways. The City Island Historical Society and Nautical Museum occupies a former public school designed by the New York City school system's turn-of-the-last-century master architect [[C. B. J. Snyder]]. The state's [[SUNY Maritime College|Maritime College]] in [[Fort Schuyler]] (on the southeastern shore) houses the [[Maritime Industry Museum]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sunymaritime.edu/Maritime%20Museum/index.aspx |title=Maritime Industry Museum |access-date=August 21, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725015411/http://www.sunymaritime.edu/Maritime%20Museum/index.aspx |archive-date=July 25, 2008 }}</ref> In addition, the Harlem River is reemerging as [[Sculling|"Scullers' Row"]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/harlemrivercr.org/hrcr |title=Home|website=sites.google.com}}</ref> due in large part to the efforts of the Bronx River Restoration Project,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bronxriver.org/puma/images/usersubmitted/greenway_plan/ |title=Bronx River Ecological Restoration and Management Plan |website=broxriver.org |date=August 14, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080814050737/http://www.bronxriver.org/puma/images/usersubmitted/greenway_plan/ |archive-date=August 14, 2008}}</ref> a joint public-private endeavor of the city's parks department. [[Canoeing]] and [[kayaking]] on the borough's namesake river have been promoted by the Bronx River Alliance. The river is also straddled by the [[New York Botanical Gardens]], its neighbor, the [[Bronx Zoo]], and a little further south, on the west shore, Bronx River Art Center.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bronxriverart.org |title=Welcome |publisher=Bronx River Art Center}}</ref>

===Community celebrations===
"Bronx Week", traditionally held in May, began as a one-day celebration. Begun by Bronx historian Lloyd Ultan and supported by then borough president Robert Abrams, the original one-day program was based on the "Bronx Borough Day" festival which took place in the 1920s. The following year, at the height of the decade's civil unrest, the festival was extended to a one-week event. In the 1980s the key event, the "Bronx Ball", was launched. The week includes the Bronx Week Parade as well as inductions into the "Bronx Walk of Fame."<ref>{{Cite news|title=Top Bronx Week events set for May 19–20 weekend|last=Mitchell|first=Alex|date=May 11, 2018|work=Bronx Times Reporter|page=42}}</ref>

Various Bronx neighborhoods conduct their own community celebrations. The Arthur Avenue "Little Italy" neighborhood conducts an annual Autumn Ferragosto Festival that celebrates Italian culture.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bronx.news12.com/story/36331929/ferragosto-festival-brings-lively-celebration-of-italian-culture|title=Ferragosto festival brings lively celebration of Italian culture|date=September 10, 2017|publisher=News12:The Bronx}}</ref> [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]] hosts an annual "Fish Parade and Summer Festival" at the start of summer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/bronx/fish-parade-returns-bronx-article-1.1836592|title=There's something fishy going on in the Bronx|last=Slattery|first=Denis|date=June 19, 2014|work=The New York Daily News}}</ref> [[Edgewater Park (Bronx)|Edgewater Park]] hosts an annual "Ragamuffin" children's walk in November.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bxtimes.com/stories/2017/47/47-a-ragamuffin-2017-11-24-bx.html|title=Edgewater Park Hosts Annual Ragamuffin Parade|last=Wirsing|first=Robert|date=November 24, 2017|work=The Bronx Times}}</ref> There are several events to honor the borough's veterans.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bxtimes.com/stories/2017/45/45-vetsroundup-2017-11-10-bx.html|title=Plethora of Bronx Veterans Day events on Nov. 11th|last=Rocchio|first=Patrick|date=November 11, 2017|work=The Bronx Times}}</ref> Albanian Independence Day is also observed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/bronx/local-albanians-celebrate-homeland-independence-article-1.1208296|title=In Bronx and beyond, local Albanians to mark the 100th anniversary of independence from Turkish rule|last=Samuels|first=Tanyanika|date=November 27, 2012|work=New York Daily News }}</ref>

There are also parades to celebrate Dominican, Italian, and Irish heritage.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bronx.news12.com/story/36004425/thousands-turn-out-for-parade-celebrating-dominican-pride|title=Thousands turn out for parade celebrating Dominican pride|date=July 30, 2017|publisher=News12:The Bronx}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bxtimes.com/stories/2017/40/40-columbus-2017-10-06-bx.html|title=Bronx Columbus Parade steps off on Sunday|last=Rocchio|first=Patrick|date=October 6, 2017|work=The Bronx Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://bronxbuzz.nyc/east-bronx-neighborhoods---east-bronx-news-cms-1459|title=Bronx St Patrick's Day Parade in Throgs Neck|date=March 12, 2018|work=Bronx Buzz NYC}}</ref>

===Press and broadcasting===
The Bronx is home to several local newspapers and radio and television studios.

====Newspapers====
The Bronx has several local newspapers, including The Bronx Daily, ''The [[Bronx News]]'',<ref>[http://www.bxnews.net/ bxnews.net] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610160535/http://www.bxnews.net/ |date=June 10, 2012 }}</ref> ''[[Parkchester]] News'', ''City News'', ''The [[Norwood News]]'', ''The [[Riverdale Press]]'', ''[[Riverdale Review]]'', ''The [[Bronx Times Reporter]]'', and ''[[Co-op City]] Times''. Four non-profit news outlets, ''[[Norwood News]]'', ''Mount Hope Monitor'', ''[[Mott Haven Herald]]'' and ''The [[Hunts Point, Bronx|Hunts Point]] Express'' serve the borough's poorer communities. The editor and co-publisher of ''The Riverdale Press'', Bernard Stein, won the [[Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing]] for his editorials about Bronx and New York City issues in 1998. (Stein graduated from the [[Bronx High School of Science]] in 1959.)

The Bronx once had its own daily newspaper, ''[[The Bronx Home News]]'', which started publishing on January 20, 1907, and merged into the ''[[New York Post]]'' in 1948. It became a special section of the ''Post'', sold only in the Bronx, and eventually disappeared from view.

====Radio and television====
One of New York City's major non-commercial radio broadcasters is [[WFUV]], a [[National Public Radio]]-affiliated 50,000-watt station broadcasting from [[Fordham University]]'s Rose Hill campus in the Bronx. The radio station's antenna was relocated to the top an apartment building owned by [[Montefiore Medical Center]], which expanded the reach of the station's signal.<ref>Ramirez, Anthony. [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/29/nyregion/radio-tower-in-bronx-falls-botanical-garden-hears-it-happily.html "Radio Tower in Bronx Falls; Botanical Garden Hears It, Happily"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', April 29, 2006. Accessed May 14, 2021. "Under the 2002 deal, the Fordham tower was to come down, ridding the blight for the botanical garden, and a new Fordham radio antenna, for WFUV-FM (90.7), was to be built atop an apartment building owned by Montefiore. The elevation and the location of the Montefiore building, a mile from the old site, mean that the Fordham radio signal can reach far more listeners than the old one could."</ref>

The City of New York has an official television station run by [[NYC Media]] and broadcasting from [[Bronx Community College]], and [[Cablevision]] operates [[News 12 Networks|News 12 The Bronx]], both of which feature programming based in the Bronx. [[Co-op City]] was the first area in the Bronx, and the first in New York beyond [[Manhattan]], to have its own [[cable television]] provider. The local [[public-access television]] station [[BronxNet]] originates from Herbert H. Lehman College, the borough's only four year CUNY school, and provides [[government-access television]] (GATV) public affairs programming in addition to programming produced by Bronx residents.<ref>Its website showcases very short selections (less than 20 seconds and over 2 MB each in uncompressed [[Audio Interchange File Format|AIFF]] format) from ''[http://www.bronxnet.org/info/music/bxmusic.htm Bronx Music Vol.1]'', an out-of-press [[compact disc]] of the old and new sounds and artists of the Bronx. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813130030/http://www.bronxnet.org/info/music/bxmusic.htm |date=August 13, 2007 }}</ref>