Oceania

==Economy==
{{Main|Economy of Oceania}}The linked map below shows the [[exclusive economic zone]]s (EEZs) of the islands of Oceania and neighbouring areas, as a guide to the following table (there are few land boundaries that can be drawn on a map of the Pacific at this scale).<div class="center">{{Oceania Labelled Map}}</div>
===Australia===
{{Main|Economy of Australia}}
[[File:Sydney skyline from Waverton Balls head reserve.jpg|thumb|left|The [[skyline of Sydney]]]]
Australia and New Zealand are the only highly [[Developed country|developed]] independent nations in the region, although the [[economy of Australia]] is by far the largest and most dominant economy in the region and one of the largest in the world. New Caledonia, Hawai{{okina}}i, and French Polynesia are highly developed too but are not [[sovereignty|sovereign]] states. Australia's per-capita GDP is [[List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita|higher]] than that of the UK, Canada, Germany, and France in terms of [[purchasing power parity]].<ref name="unstat228" /> New Zealand is also one of the most globalised economies and depends greatly on international trade.<ref name="stand260511" /><ref name="guard150411" />

The [[Australian Securities Exchange]] in [[Sydney]] is the largest [[List of stock exchanges in Oceania|stock exchange in Australia and in the South Pacific]].<ref name="if5com200514" /> In 2012, Australia was the 12th largest national economy by nominal GDP and the 19th-largest measured by [[Purchasing power parity|PPP-adjusted]] GDP.<ref name="rbagov200514" />

Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranks Sydney tenth in the world in terms of [[quality of living]],<ref name="mercer.com" /> making it one of the [[world's most livable cities|most livable cities]].<ref name="mercer2014" /> It is classified as an Alpha+ [[World City]] by [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network|GaWC]].<ref name="accgawc" /><ref name="urbanst" /> [[Melbourne]] also ranked highly in the [[World's Most Livable Cities|world's most liveable city]] list,<ref name="melb181" /> and is a leading [[financial centre]] in the [[Asia-Pacific]] region.<ref name="longfi041213" /><ref name="citindex" />
[[File:Night view of the lit city of Auckland from Northcote Point, Auckland - 0365.jpg|thumb|Auckland's [[Auckland CBD|central business district]] at night]]
The majority of people living in Australia work in health care, retail and education sectors.<ref>{{cite web |title=Industry sector of employment {{!}} Australia {{!}} Community profile |url=https://profile.id.com.au/australia/industries?BMID=50 |access-date=20 January 2022 |website=profile.id.com.au |archive-date=16 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916114311/http://profile.id.com.au/australia/industries?BMID=50 |url-status=live }}</ref> Australia boasts the largest amount of manufacturing in the region, [[Automotive industry in Australia|producing cars]], electrical equipment, machinery and [[clothing industry|clothes]].

=== New Zealand ===
{{Main|Economy of New Zealand}}
New Zealand's [[Economy of New Zealand|economy]] is the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|53rd]]-largest in the world measured by [[nominal gross domestic product]] (GDP) and [[List of countries by GDP (PPP)|68th]]-largest in the world measured by [[purchasing power parity]] (PPP). A major economic and cultural powerhouse of the [[Southern Hemisphere]], Auckland is ranked as a Beta+ world city by the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]]. Auckland and [[Wellington]] are frequently ranked among the [[world's most liveable cities]], with Auckland being ranked [[Global Liveability Ranking|first in the world]] according to the [[Global Liveability Ranking]].<ref name="businrank" /><ref name="mercer190214" />

[[New Zealand]] has a large GDP for its population of 5.2 million, and sources of revenue are spread throughout the large island nation. The country has one of the most [[globalised]] economies and depends greatly on international trade – mainly with [[Australia]], [[Canada]], [[China]], the [[European Union]], [[Japan]], [[Singapore]], [[South Korea]] and the [[United States]]. New Zealand's 1983 [[Closer Economic Relations]] agreement with Australia means that the economy aligns closely with [[Economy of Australia|that of Australia]]. In 2005, the [[World Bank]] praised New Zealand as the most business-friendly country in the world.<ref name="SALE">{{cite news |last=McCarten |first=Matt |date=14 January 2007 |title=Foreign owners muscle in as New Zealand sells off all its assets |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/story.cfm?c_id=280&objectid=10419011 |access-date=30 July 2022 |archive-date=10 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210225528/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/story.cfm?c_id=280&objectid=10419011 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="IHT">{{cite news |date=14 September 2005 |title=New Zealand rated most business-friendly |work=International Herald Tribune |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/09/13/business/biz.php |access-date=30 July 2022 |archive-date=19 December 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051219014600/http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/09/13/business/biz.php |url-status=live }}</ref> The economy diversified and by 2008, tourism had become the single biggest generator of foreign exchange.<ref name="diversify">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Page 10 – External diversification after 1966 |encyclopedia=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/economic-history/page-10 |access-date=9 December 2014 |archive-date=25 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025050720/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/economic-history/page-10 |url-status=live }}</ref> The New Zealand dollar is the 10th-most traded currency in the world.<ref name="BIS">{{cite web |title=Triennial Central Bank Survey, April 2013 |url=http://bis.org/publ/rpfx13fx.pdf |access-date=25 March 2014 |work=Triennial Central Bank Survey |publisher=[[Bank for International Settlements]] |archive-date=27 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527135902/http://www.bis.org/publ/rpfx13fx.pdf |url-status=live }} [pg.10 of PDF]</ref>

===Pacific Islands===
{{Main|Economy of Fiji|Economy of Samoa|Economy of Tonga}}
[[File:Waikiki view from Diamond Head.JPG|thumb|[[Honolulu]] viewed from [[Diamond Head, Hawaii|Diamond Head]] crater]]
The overwhelming majority of people living in the Pacific islands work in the service industry which includes tourism, education and financial services. Oceania's largest export markets include Japan, China, the United States and South Korea. The smallest Pacific nations rely on trade with Australia, New Zealand and the United States for exporting goods and for accessing other products. Australia and New Zealand's trading arrangements are known as [[Closer Economic Relations]]. Australia and New Zealand, along with other countries, are members of [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation]] (APEC) and the [[East Asia Summit]] (EAS), which may become trade blocs in the future particularly EAS.

The main produce from the Pacific is [[copra]] or [[coconut]], but [[timber]], [[beef]], [[palm oil]], [[Cocoa bean|cocoa]], [[sugar]], and [[ginger]] are also commonly grown across the [[tropics]] of the Pacific. [[Fishing]] provides a major [[Industry (economics)|industry]] for many of the smaller nations in the Pacific, although many [[fishing]] areas are exploited by other larger countries, namely Japan. [[Natural Resources]], such as [[lead]], [[zinc]], [[nickel]], and [[gold]], are mined in Australia and [[Solomon Islands]]. Oceania's largest export markets include Japan, China, the United States, India, South Korea and the [[European Union]].

Endowed with forest, mineral, and fish resources, [[Fiji]] is one of the most developed of the Pacific island [[economics|economies]], though it remains a [[developing nation|developing country]] with a large [[subsistence agriculture]] sector.<ref name="ciafacfj" /> Agriculture accounts for 18% of [[gross domestic product]], although it employed some 70% of the workforce as of 2001. [[Sugar]] exports and the growing tourist industry are the major sources of foreign exchange. Sugar cane processing makes up one-third of industrial activity. [[Coconut]]s, [[ginger]], and [[copra]] are also significant.

The history of Hawaii's economy can be traced through a succession of dominant industries; [[sandalwood]],<ref name="hawahis" /> [[whaling]],<ref name="whalinhawa" /> sugarcane, [[pineapple]], the military, tourism and education.<ref name="capitagdf" /> Hawaiian exports include food and clothing. These industries play a small role in the Hawaiian economy, due to the shipping distance to viable markets, such as the West Coast of the contiguous U.S. The state's food exports include coffee, macadamia nuts, pineapple, livestock, sugarcane and honey.<ref name="hawabee" /> {{As of|2015}}, Honolulu was ranked high on world livability rankings, and was also ranked as the 2nd safest city in the U.S.<ref name="MercerSurvey2015" /><ref name="KITVSafestCity" />

===Tourism===
[[File:Shangri-La Fijian Resort 15.jpg|thumb|left|[[Shangri-La's Fijian Resort]]]]
{{Further|Tourism in Australia|Tourism in New Zealand}}
Tourists mostly come from Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. [[Economy of Fiji#Tourism|Fiji]] currently attracts almost half a million tourists each year, more than a quarter of whom come from Australia. This has contributed $1 billion or more to Fiji's economy since 1995, but the Government of Fiji likely underestimates these figures due to the invisible economy inside the tourism industry.

Vanuatu is widely recognised as one of the premier vacation destinations for [[scuba diver]]s wishing to explore [[coral reef]]s of the South Pacific region. Tourism has been promoted, in part, by Vanuatu being the site of several reality-TV shows. The ninth season of the reality TV series ''[[Survivor (US TV series)|Survivor]]'' was filmed on Vanuatu, entitled ''[[Survivor: Vanuatu]]&nbsp;– Islands of Fire''. Two years later, Australia's ''[[Celebrity Survivor]]'' was filmed at the same location used by the U.S. version.<ref name="uatustats" />
[[File:Autumn in the Dandenong Ranges.jpg|thumb|[[Dandenong Ranges]] in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] are popular among tourists.]]

[[Tourism in Australia]] is an important component of the Australian economy. In the financial year 2014/15, [[tourism]] represented 3% of [[Australia]]'s [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] contributing A$47.5 billion to the national economy.<ref name="ABS1011" /> In 2015, there were 7.4 million visitor arrivals.<ref name="touraus181029" /> Popular Australian destinations include the [[Sydney Harbour]] ([[Sydney Opera House]], [[Sydney Harbour Bridge]], [[Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney|Royal Botanic Garden]], etc.), [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]] ([[theme parks]] such as [[Warner Bros. Movie World]], [[Dreamworld (Australian theme park)|Dreamworld]] and [[Sea World (Australia)|Sea World]]), [[Walls of Jerusalem National Park]] and [[Mount Field National Park]] in [[Tasmania]], [[Royal Exhibition Building]] in [[Melbourne]], the [[Great Barrier Reef]] in [[Queensland]], [[The Twelve Apostles (Victoria)|The Twelve Apostles]] in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Uluru]] (Ayers Rock) and the [[Australian outback]].<ref name="ausnatacc" />

[[Tourism in New Zealand]] contributes [[New Zealand dollar|NZ$]]7.3 billion (or 4%) of the country's [[gross domestic product|GDP]] in 2013, as well as directly supporting 110,800 full-time equivalent jobs (nearly 6% of New Zealand's workforce). International tourist spending accounted for 16% of New Zealand's export earnings (nearly NZ$10 billion). International and domestic tourism contributes, in total, NZ$24 billion to New Zealand's economy every year. [[Tourism New Zealand]], the country's official tourism agency, is actively promoting the country as a destination worldwide.<ref name="minisbusi" /> [[Milford Sound]] in South Island is acclaimed as New Zealand's most famous tourist destination.<ref name="SC" />

In 2003 alone, according to state government data, there were over 6.4 million [[Tourism in Hawaii|visitors to the Hawaiian Islands]] with expenditures of over $10.6 billion.<ref name="DBEDT 2003" /> Due to the mild year-round weather, tourist travel is popular throughout the year. In 2011, Hawai{{okina}}i saw increasing arrivals and share of foreign tourists from Canada, Australia, and China increasing 13%, 24% and 21% respectively from 2010.<ref name="hawasafe" />