Mother's Day

====Indonesia====
[[Indonesia]]n Mother's Day ({{lang-id|Hari Ibu}}) is celebrated nationally on 22 December. The date was made an official holiday by President [[Sukarno]] under Presidential Decree No. 316/1953, on the 25th anniversary of the 1928 Indonesian Women Congress. The day originally sought to celebrate the spirit of Indonesian women and to improve the condition of the nation. Today, the meaning of Mother's Day has changed, and it is celebrated by expressing love and gratitude to mothers. People present gifts to mothers (such as flowers) and hold surprise parties and competitions, which include cooking and [[kebaya]] wearing. People also allow mothers a day off from domestic chores.<ref name="wardhani">{{cite web |title= In observance of Mother's Day |author= Wardhani, Lynda K. |work= [[The Jakarta Post]] |date= 22 December 2010 |url= http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/12/22/in-observance-mother's-day.html }}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The holiday is celebrated on the anniversary of the opening day of the first Indonesian Women Congress (''Kongres Perempuan Indonesia''), which was held from 22 to 25 December 1928.<ref name="indonesia" /><ref name="bulbeck" /> The Congress took place in a building called Dalem Jayadipuran, which now serves as the office of the Center of History and Traditional Values Preservation (''Balai Pelestarian Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional'') in Brigjen Katamso Street, [[Yogyakarta]]. The Congress was attended by 30 feminist organizations from 12 cities in [[Java]] and [[Sumatra]]. In Indonesia, feminist organizations have existed since 1912, inspired by Indonesian heroines of the 19th century, e.g., [[Kartini]], [[Martha Christina Tiahahu]], [[Cut Nyak Meutia]], [[Maria Walanda Maramis]], [[Dewi Sartika]], [[Nyai Ahmad Dahlan]], [[Rasuna Said]], etc.<ref name="indonesia">{{citation |title= Sejarah Perayaan Nasional Hari Ibu 22 Desembe |author= seenthing |date= 21 December 2010 |url= http://www.shvoong.com/writing-and-speaking/ezines-and-newsletters/2089852-sejarah-perayaan-nasional-hari-ibu/ |access-date= 8 May 2011 |archive-date= 22 December 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151222091608/http://www.shvoong.com/writing-and-speaking/ezines-and-newsletters/2089852-sejarah-perayaan-nasional-hari-ibu/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> The Congress intended to improve women's rights in education and marriage.<ref name="robinson" />

Indonesia also celebrates the [[Kartini Day]] (''Hari Kartini'') on 21 April, in memory of activist [[Raden Ajeng Kartini]]. This is a celebration of the emancipation of women.<ref name="bulbeck">{{cite book | last = Bulbeck | first = Chilla | author-link = Chilla Bulbeck | title = Sex, love and feminism in the Asia Pacific: a cross-cultural study of young people's attitudes | publisher = Routledge | location = London New York | series = ASAA women in Asia | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-0415470063 }} [https://books.google.com/books?id=chqofjVED54C&dq=mother's+day+indonesia&pg=PA94 Preview.]</ref> The observance was instituted at the 1938 Indonesian Women Congress.<ref name="robinson">{{citation |title= Gender, Islam and Democracy in Indonesia |series= ASAA women in Asia |author= Kathryn Robinson |publisher= Routledge |year= 2009 |pages= 3, 36, 44, 72 |isbn= 9781134118830 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=V9OBgXw7m1kC&pg=PA36 }}</ref>

During President [[Suharto]]'s [[New Order (Indonesia)|New Order]] (1965–1998), government propaganda used Mother's Day and Kartini Day to inculcate into women the idea that they should be docile and stay at home.<ref name="robinson" />