Johannesburg

==== Roads ====
{{Further information|Johannesburg Freeways}}[[File:Johannesburg,_Gauteng,_South_Africa_(2417711025).jpg|thumb|The [[M1 (Johannesburg)|M1]] is a major freeway in Johannesburg]]
Johannesburg shares a network of [[Metropolitan Routes in Johannesburg|metropolitan routes]] with [[Krugersdorp]] and [[Ekurhuleni]]. The fact that Johannesburg is not near a large navigable body of water has meant that ground transportation has been the most important method of transporting people and goods in and out of the city. One of Africa's most famous "beltways" or ring roads/orbitals is the [[Johannesburg Ring Road]]. The road is composed of three freeways that converge on the city, forming an {{convert|80|km|adj=on}} loop around it: the [[N3 Eastern Bypass (South Africa)|N3 Eastern Bypass]], the [[N1 Western Bypass (South Africa)|N1 Western Bypass]] and the [[N12 Southern Bypass (South Africa)|N12 Southern Bypass]]. The [[N3 road (South Africa)|N3]] was built exclusively with [[Asphalt concrete|asphalt]], while the [[N12 (South Africa)|N12]] and [[N1 road (South Africa)|N1]] sections were made with concrete, hence the nickname given to the N1 Western Bypass, "The Concrete Highway". In spite of being up to 12 lanes wide in some areas, the Johannesburg Ring Road is frequently clogged with traffic. The Gillooly's Interchange (renamed George Bizos Interchange in 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-13 |title=Here are the streets affected by Ekurhuleni's new name changes |url=https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/government/2740326/city-of-ekurhuleni-street-name-changes-13-october-2021/ |access-date=2022-01-02 |website=The Citizen |language=en}}</ref>), built on an old farm and the point at which the N3 Eastern Bypass and the [[R24 (Gauteng)|R24 Airport Freeway]] intersect, is the busiest interchange in the Southern Hemisphere.<ref name=sanral>{{cite web |title=Busiest freeways in southern hemisphere |url=http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/busiest-freeways-in-southern-hemisphere-2008-09-26 |publisher=SA National Roads Agency |date=26 September 2008 |access-date=15 July 2013 |archive-date=16 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616164747/http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/busiest-freeways-in-southern-hemisphere-2008-09-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> It is claimed<ref name=sanral/><ref>{{cite news |last=Staff Reporter |title=18 perish in road accidents |url=http://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/05/10/18-perish-in-road-accidents |access-date=15 July 2013 |newspaper=NewsDay |date=10 May 2013 |archive-date=19 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719181822/http://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/05/10/18-perish-in-road-accidents/ |url-status=live }}</ref> that the N1 is the busiest road in South Africa.

Johannesburg has a lot of freeways connected to it.<ref name=":1">{{Cite report |url=http://www.transport.gov.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=5qOHvOI4KuY%3d |title=South African Numbered Route Description and Destination Analysis |last=Falkner |first=John |date=May 2012 |publisher=National Department of Transport |pages=13–15 |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606100245/http://www.transport.gov.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=5qOHvOI4KuY%3d |archive-date=6 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[N1 road (South Africa)|N1]] connects northwards to [[Pretoria]] and [[Polokwane]] and southwards to [[Bloemfontein]] and [[Cape Town]].<ref name=":1" /> The [[N3 road (South Africa)|N3]] connects south-east to [[Durban]].<ref name=":1" /> The [[N12 road (South Africa)|N12]] connects westwards to [[Potchefstroom]] and [[Kimberley, Northern Cape|Kimberley]] and eastwards to [[Witbank|eMalahleni]].<ref name=":1" /> The [[N14 road (South Africa)|N14]] passes at the north-western corner of the Johannesburg Municipality, connecting [[Pretoria]] with [[Krugersdorp]].<ref name=":1" /> The [[N17 road (South Africa)|N17]] connects eastwards to [[Ermelo, South Africa|Ermelo]] and [[Eswatini]].<ref name=":1" /> The [[R21 (Gauteng)|R21]] connects the [[East Rand]] and [[O. R. Tambo International Airport]] with Pretoria.<ref name=":1" /> The [[R24 (Gauteng)|R24]] connects the [[Johannesburg CBD]] with the airport.<ref name=":1" /> The [[R59 (Free State)|R59]] connects southwards to [[Vereeniging]] and [[Sasolburg]].<ref name=":1" /> The [[M1 (Johannesburg)|M1]] connects the Johannesburg CBD with the northern suburbs and the [[Johannesburg South|southern suburbs]]. The [[M2 road (Johannesburg)|M2]] connects the Johannesburg CBD with the [[Germiston|Germiston CBD]] to the east. The M1 and M2 freeways are congested due to mass urbanisation.

Johannesburg also has a lot of non-freeway routes that connect to other towns and cities. The [[R24 (South Africa)|R24]] connects the Johannesburg city centre with [[Roodepoort]], [[Krugersdorp]] and [[Rustenburg]] to the west.<ref name=":1" /> The [[R25 (South Africa)|R25]] connects Johannesburg's northern suburbs with [[Modderfontein (East Rand)|Modderfontein]] and [[Kempton Park, South Africa|Kempton Park]] to the north-east.<ref name=":1" /> The [[R29 (South Africa)|R29]] connects the city centre with [[Germiston]], [[Boksburg]] and [[Benoni, South Africa|Benoni]] to the east.<ref name=":1" /> The [[R41 (South Africa)|R41]] connects the city centre with Roodepoort and [[Randfontein]] to the west.<ref name=":1" /> The [[R55 (South Africa)|R55]] connects [[Sandton]] with [[Pretoria West]] to the north.<ref name=":1" /> The [[R82 (South Africa)|R82]] connects [[Johannesburg South]] with [[Vereeniging]] to the south.<ref name=":1" /> The [[R101 (South Africa)|R101]] connects Sandton with [[Midrand]], [[Centurion, South Africa|Centurion]] and Pretoria to the north.<ref name=":1" /> The [[R511 (South Africa)|R511]] connects Sandton with [[Diepsloot]] and [[Hartbeespoort]] to the north.<ref name=":1" /> The [[R512 (South Africa)|R512]] connects [[Randburg]] with [[Lanseria International Airport]] and Hartbeespoort to the north.<ref name=":1" />