Internet

===Malware===
[[Malware]] is malicious software used and distributed via the Internet. It includes [[computer virus]]es which are copied with the help of humans, [[computer worm]]s which copy themselves automatically, software for [[denial of service attack]]s, [[ransomware]], [[botnet]]s, and [[spyware]] that reports on the activity and typing of users. Usually, these activities constitute [[cybercrime]]. Defense theorists have also speculated about the possibilities of [[hackers]] using [[cyber warfare]] using similar methods on a large scale.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Andriole|first=Steve|title=Cyberwarfare Will Explode In 2020 (Because It's Cheap, Easy And Effective)|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/steveandriole/2020/01/14/cyberwarfare-will-explode-in-2020-because-its-cheap-easy--effective/|access-date=2021-05-18|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref>

Malware poses serious problems to individuals and businesses on the Internet.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Jin-Young |last2=Bu |first2=Seok-Jun |last3=Cho |first3=Sung-Bae |date=2018-09-01 |title=Zero-day malware detection using transferred generative adversarial networks based on deep autoencoders |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020025518303475 |journal=Information Sciences |language=en |volume=460–461 |pages=83–102 |doi=10.1016/j.ins.2018.04.092 |issn=0020-0255 |s2cid=51882216 |access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Razak |first1=Mohd Faizal Ab |last2=Anuar |first2=Nor Badrul |last3=Salleh |first3=Rosli |last4=Firdaus |first4=Ahmad |date=2016-11-01 |title=The rise of "malware": Bibliometric analysis of malware study |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1084804516301904 |journal=Journal of Network and Computer Applications |language=en |volume=75 |pages=58–76 |doi=10.1016/j.jnca.2016.08.022 |access-date=30 April 2022}}</ref> According to [[NortonLifeLock|Symantec]]'s 2018 Internet Security Threat Report (ISTR), malware variants number has increased to 669,947,865 in 2017, which is twice as many malware variants as in 2016.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xiao |first1=Fei |last2=Sun |first2=Yi |last3=Du |first3=Donggao |last4=Li |first4=Xuelei |last5=Luo |first5=Min |date=2020-03-21 |title=A Novel Malware Classification Method Based on Crucial Behavior |journal=Mathematical Problems in Engineering |volume=2020 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.1155/2020/6804290 |issn=1024-123X |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Cybercrime]], which includes malware attacks as well as other crimes committed by computer, was predicted to cost the world economy US$6 trillion in 2021, and is increasing at a rate of 15% per year.<ref name="Morgan">{{cite web |last=Morgan |first=Steve |date=13 November 2020 |title=Cybercrime To Cost The World $10.5 Trillion Annually By 2025 |url=https://cybersecurityventures.com/hackerpocalypse-cybercrime-report-2016/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305072352/https://cybersecurityventures.com/hackerpocalypse-cybercrime-report-2016/ |archive-date=5 March 2022 |access-date=5 March 2022 |work=Cybercrime magazine website |publisher=Cybersecurity ventures |format= |doi=}}</ref> Since 2021, malware has been designed to target computer systems that run critical infrastructure such as the [[Electricity infrastructure|electricity distribution network]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Eder-Neuhauser |first1=Peter |last2=Zseby |first2=Tanja |last3=Fabini |first3=Joachim |date=2019-06-01 |title=Malware propagation in smart grid networks: metrics, simulation and comparison of three malware types |journal=Journal of Computer Virology and Hacking Techniques |language=en |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=109–125 |doi=10.1007/s11416-018-0325-y |issn=2263-8733 |s2cid=255164530 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Razak |first1=Mohd Faizal Ab |last2=Anuar |first2=Nor Badrul |last3=Salleh |first3=Rosli |last4=Firdaus |first4=Ahmad |date=2016-11-01 |title=The rise of "malware": Bibliometric analysis of malware study |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084804516301904 |journal=Journal of Network and Computer Applications |volume=75 |pages=58–76 |doi=10.1016/j.jnca.2016.08.022 |issn=1084-8045}}</ref> Malware can be designed to evade antivirus software detection algorithms.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spring |first=Tom |date=2023-06-12 |title=Obfuscation tool 'BatCloak' can evade 80% of AV engines |url=https://www.scmagazine.com/news/obfuscation-batcloak-80-percent-av-engines |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=SC Media |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nam |first=Nguyen |date=2023-01-10 |title=Kiểm tra ip |url=http://kiemtraip.vn |access-date=2023-12-21 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Amos |first=Zac |title=How Ransomware Can Evade Antivirus Software |url=https://gca.isa.org/blog/how-ransomware-can-evade-antivirus-software |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=gca.isa.org |language=en}}</ref>