Germany Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! === Media === {{Main|Media of Germany|Cinema of Germany}} [[File:Filmstudio Babelsberg Eingang.jpg|thumb|[[Babelsberg Studio]] in [[Potsdam]]]] The largest internationally operating [[Mass media|media]] companies in Germany are the [[Bertelsmann]] enterprise, [[Axel Springer AG|Axel Springer SE]] and [[ProSiebenSat.1 Media]]. [[Television in Germany|Germany's television market]] is the largest in Europe, with some 38 million TV households.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.astra.de/16795168/tv-verbreitung_in_deutschland |title=Distribution of TV in Germany (German) |date=19 February 2013 |publisher=Astra Sat |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101012509/http://www.astra.de/16795168/tv-verbreitung_in_deutschland |archivedate=1 January 2015 }}</ref> Around 90% of German households have cable or satellite TV, with a variety of [[Public broadcasting#Germany|free-to-view public]] and [[Commercial broadcasting|commercial]] channels.<ref name="media" /> There are more than 300 public and private [[List of radio stations in Germany|radio stations in Germany]]; Germany's national radio network is the [[Deutschlandradio]] and the public [[Deutsche Welle]] is the main German radio and television broadcaster in foreign languages.<ref name="media" /> Germany's print market of [[List of newspapers in Germany|newspapers]] and [[List of magazines in Germany|magazines]] is the largest in Europe.<ref name="media">{{cite web|url=https://medialandscapes.org/country/germany|title=Germany|publisher=Media Landscapes|accessdate=14 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327081145/https://medialandscapes.org/country/germany|archivedate=27 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> The papers with the highest circulation are {{lang|de|[[Bild]]}}, {{lang|de|[[Süddeutsche Zeitung]]}}, {{lang|de|[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]}} and {{lang|de|[[Die Welt]]}}.<ref name="media" /> The largest magazines include {{lang|de|[[ADAC Motorwelt]]}} and {{lang|de|[[Der Spiegel]]}}.<ref name="media" /> Germany has [[Video gaming in Germany|a large video gaming market]], with over 34 million players nationwide.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-07-16-german-consumers-spent-4-4bn-on-video-games-in-2018|title=German consumers spent €4.4bn on video games in 2018|last=Batchelor|first=James|date=16 July 2019|website=GamesIndustry.biz|accessdate=15 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509014644/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2019-07-16-german-consumers-spent-4-4bn-on-video-games-in-2018|archivedate=9 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Gamescom]] is the world's largest [[gaming convention]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=MacDonald |first=Keza |date=23 August 2022 |title=Pushing Buttons: What to expect from the world's biggest games convention |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/games/2022/aug/23/pushing-buttons-gamescom-worlds-biggest-gaming-convention |archive-date=26 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726020832/https://www.theguardian.com/games/2022/aug/23/pushing-buttons-gamescom-worlds-biggest-gaming-convention |url-status=live }}</ref> German cinema has made major technical and artistic contributions to film. The first works of the [[Max Skladanowsky|Skladanowsky Brothers]] were shown to an audience in 1895. The renowned [[Babelsberg Studio]] in [[Potsdam]] was established in 1912, thus being the first large-scale film studio in the world. Early German cinema was particularly influential with [[German expressionism|German expressionists]] such as [[Robert Wiene]] and [[Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau]]. Director [[Fritz Lang]]'s ''[[Metropolis (1927 film)|Metropolis]]'' (1927) is referred to as the first major science-fiction film. After 1945, many of the films of the immediate post-war period can be characterised as {{lang|de|[[Rubble film|Trümmerfilm]]}} (rubble film). East German film was dominated by state-owned film studio [[DEFA (film studio)|DEFA]], while the dominant genre in West Germany was the {{lang|de|[[Heimatfilm]]}} ("homeland film").<ref>{{cite book|first=Stephen |last=Brockmann|title=A Critical History of German Film|url=https://archive.org/details/criticalhistoryg00broc |url-access=limited |publisher=Camden House|year= 2010|page= [https://archive.org/details/criticalhistoryg00broc/page/n296 286]|isbn=978-1-57113-468-4}}</ref> During the 1970s and 1980s, [[New German Cinema]] directors such as [[Volker Schlöndorff]], [[Werner Herzog]], [[Wim Wenders]], and [[Rainer Werner Fassbinder]] brought West German auteur cinema to critical acclaim. The [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]] ("Oscar") went to the German production ''[[The Tin Drum (film)|The Tin Drum]]'' ({{lang|de|Die Blechtrommel}}) in 1979, to ''[[Nowhere in Africa]]'' ({{lang|de|Nirgendwo in Afrika}}) in 2002, and to ''[[The Lives of Others]]'' ({{lang|de|Das Leben der Anderen}}) in 2007. [[List of German-speaking Academy Award winners and nominees|Various Germans]] won an Oscar for their performances in other films. The annual [[European Film Award]]s ceremony is held every other year in Berlin, home of the [[European Film Academy]]. The [[Berlin International Film Festival]], known as "Berlinale", awarding the "[[Golden Bear]]" and held annually since 1951, is one of the world's leading [[film festival]]s. The "Lolas" are annually awarded in Berlin, at the [[Deutscher Filmpreis|German Film Awards]].<ref>{{cite book|page=331|title=Historical Dictionary of German Cinema|author1=Reimer, Robert |author2=Reimer, Carol|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2019|isbn=978-1-5381-1940-2}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page