Eastern Orthodoxy

==Distribution==
{{main|Eastern Orthodoxy by country}}
[[File:World Eastern Orthodox population.png|thumb|right|250px|Eastern Orthodox population by country]]
Eastern Orthodoxy is the predominant religion in the world's largest country by land area, Russia (77%),<ref name="VTSIOM">{{Cite web|url=http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=268&uid=13365|title=VTSIOM|access-date=2022-02-04|archive-date=2020-09-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929201730/https://wciom.ru/index.php?id=268&uid=13365%2F|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Public Opinion Foundation">{{Cite web|url=https://fom.ru/obshchestvo/10953|title=Ценности: религиозность / ФОМ|website=fom.ru|access-date=2022-08-31|archive-date=2020-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731170154/https://fom.ru/obshchestvo/10953|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>There is no official census of religion in Russia, and estimates are based on surveys only. In August 2012, [http://sreda.org/arena ARENA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143249/http://sreda.org/arena |date=2018-06-12 }} determined that about 48% of Russians are Christians (including Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, and non-denominational), which is slightly less than an absolute 50%+ majority. However, later that year the [http://www.levada.ru/17-12-2012/v-rossii-74-pravoslavnykh-i-7-musulman Levada Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231020830/http://www.levada.ru/17-12-2012/v-rossii-74-pravoslavnykh-i-7-musulman |date=2012-12-31 }} determined that 76% of Russians are Christians, and in June 2013 the [http://fom.ru/obshchestvo/10953 Public Opinion Foundation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200415213226/https://fom.ru/obshchestvo/10953 |date=2020-04-15 }} determined that 65% of Russians are Christians. These findings are in line with [http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/ Pew] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004115616/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/ |date=2018-10-04 }}'s 2010 survey, which determined that 73.6% of Russians are Christians, with [http://wciom.ru/index.php?id=268&uid=13365 VTSIOM] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929201730/https://wciom.ru/index.php?id=268&uid=13365%2F |date=2020-09-29 }}'s 2010 survey (~77% Christian), and with [http://www.fgi-tbff.org/sites/default/files/elfinder/FGIImages/Research/fromresearchtopolicy/ipsos_mori_briefing_pack.pdf#page=40 Ipsos MORI] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117013643/http://www.fgi-tbff.org/sites/default/files/elfinder/FGIImages/Research/fromresearchtopolicy/ipsos_mori_briefing_pack.pdf |date=2013-01-17 }}'s 2011 survey (69%).</ref> where roughly half the world's Eastern Orthodox Christians live. The religion is also heavily concentrated in the rest of [[Eastern Europe]], where it is the majority religion in Ukraine (65.4%<ref name=Razumkov2016>[http://old.razumkov.org.ua/upload/Religiya_200516_A4.compressed.pdf РЕЛІГІЯ, ЦЕРКВА, СУСПІЛЬСТВО І ДЕРЖАВА: ДВА РОКИ ПІСЛЯ МАЙДАНУ (''Religion, Church, Society and State: Two Years after Maidan'')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422181327/http://old.razumkov.org.ua/upload/Religiya_200516_A4.compressed.pdf |date=2017-04-22 }}, 2016 report by [[Razumkov Center]] in collaboration with the All-Ukrainian Council of Churches. pp. 27–29.</ref>–77%),<ref name="pewforum1">{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf |title=Pewforum: Christianity (2010) |access-date=2014-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805020311/http://www.pewforum.org/files/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf |archive-date=2013-08-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Romania (81%),<ref name=CIAWeb/> [[Belarus]] (48%<ref name="Belarus2011">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.by/upload/pdf/religion_eng.pdf |title=Religion and denominations in the Republic of Belarus by the Commissioner on Religions and Nationalities of the Republic of Belarus from November 2011 |access-date=2022-02-04 |archive-date=2017-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014085840/http://www.mfa.gov.by/upload/pdf/religion_eng.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>–73%<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2017/05/10/religious-belief-and-national-belonging-in-central-and-eastern-europe/|title=Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe|date=May 10, 2017|access-date=August 31, 2022|archive-date=August 31, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831193441/https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2017/05/10/religious-belief-and-national-belonging-in-central-and-eastern-europe/|url-status=live}}</ref>), Greece (98%),<ref name=CIAWeb>{{cite web |title=Field Listing :: Religions |work=The World Factbook |publisher=CIA |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613003300/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 13, 2007 |access-date=22 May 2014 |ref=none }}</ref> [[Serbia]] (86%),<ref name=CIAWeb/> [[Bulgaria]] (86%),<ref name=CIAWeb/> [[Moldova]] (90%),<ref name=CIAWeb/> [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] (80%),<ref name=CIAWeb/> [[North Macedonia]] (70%),<ref name=CIAWeb/> [[Cyprus]] (80%)<ref name=CIAWeb/> and [[Montenegro]] (73%);<ref name=CIAWeb/> it is also predominant in the disputed territories of [[Abkhazia]], [[South Ossetia]] and [[Transnistria]].

Significant minorities are present in several European countries, such as: [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] (31%),<ref name=CIAWeb/> [[Latvia]] (24%), [[Estonia]] (24%), [[Albania]] (7–10%),<ref name="albania">[[Religion in Albania#Religious demography]]</ref> [[Lithuania]] (4%), [[Croatia]] (4%), [[Slovenia]] (2%), [[Germany]] (2%)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Germany Religions – Demographics |url=https://www.indexmundi.com/germany/religions.html |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=indexmundi.com |language=en}}</ref> and [[Finland]] (1.5%). In the [[former USSR|former Soviet republics]] of [[Central Asia]], Eastern Orthodoxy constitutes the dominant religion in northern [[Kazakhstan]], representing 17.9% of the population of the region,<ref name="2013table28">[http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/data-tables/total-by-topic.aspx Table 28, 2013 Census Data – QuickStats About Culture and Identity – Tables] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122042347/http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/data-tables/total-by-topic.aspx |date=2017-11-22 }}.</ref> and is also a significant minority in [[Kyrgyzstan]] (10%), [[Turkmenistan]] (4%), [[Uzbekistan]] (3%), [[Azerbaijan]] (2%),<ref name=CIAWeb/> and [[Tajikistan]] (1%). 

Significant Eastern Orthodox populations in the [[Eastern Mediterranean]] (primarily [[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]]) are [[Lebanon]] (8%),<ref name="freedom">[https://web.archive.org/web/20101123103408/http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2010/148830.htm Lebanon – International Religious Freedom Report 2010] U.S. Department of State. Retrieved on 14 February 2010.</ref> [[Syria]] (5–8%), [[Jordan]] (2–5%),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordan Religions – Demographics |url=https://www.indexmundi.com/jordan/religions.html |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=indexmundi.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817191536/https://www.indexmundi.com/jordan/religions.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Vela |first=Justin |date=2015-02-14 |title=Jordan: The safe haven for Christians fleeing ISIL |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/jordan-the-safe-haven-for-christians-fleeing-isil-1.36000 |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=The National |language=en |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171157/https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/jordan-the-safe-haven-for-christians-fleeing-isil-1.36000 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[State of Palestine]] (1%–2.5%),<ref name="cia.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/west-bank/|title=West Bank|date=August 10, 2022|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|via=CIA.gov|access-date=February 4, 2022|archive-date=July 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722231029/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/west-bank/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Israel]] (1–2%).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-17 |title=The Christian communities in Israel – May 2014 |url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/AboutIsrael/Spotlight/Pages/The-Christian-communities-in-Israel-May-2014.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017004653/http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/AboutIsrael/Spotlight/Pages/The-Christian-communities-in-Israel-May-2014.aspx |archive-date=2015-10-17 |access-date=2022-09-17 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Israel |date=2022-09-02 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/#people-and-society |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=2022-09-17 |archive-date=2021-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913131645/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/israel/#people-and-society |url-status=live }}</ref>