COVID-19

=== Social distancing ===
{{Main|Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic}}
Social distancing (also known as physical distancing) includes [[infection control]] actions intended to slow the spread of the disease by minimising close contact between individuals. Methods include quarantines; travel restrictions; and the closing of schools, workplaces, stadiums, theatres, or shopping centres. Individuals may apply social distancing methods by staying at home, limiting travel, avoiding crowded areas, using no-contact greetings, and physically distancing themselves from others.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Nussbaumer-Streit B, Mayr V, Dobrescu AI, Chapman A, Persad E, Klerings I, Wagner G, Siebert U, Ledinger D, Zachariah C, Gartlehner G |date=September 2020 |title=Quarantine alone or in combination with other public health measures to control COVID-19: a rapid review |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2020 |issue=9 |pages=CD013574 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD013574.pub2 |issn=1469-493X |pmc=8133397 |pmid=33959956 }}</ref>

In 2020, outbreaks occurred in prisons due to crowding and an inability to enforce adequate social distancing.<ref name="Hawks2020" /><ref>{{#invoke:Cite web|| vauthors = Waldstein D |title=To Fight Virus in Prisons, C.D.C. Suggests More Screenings |website=The New York Times |date=6 May 2020 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/06/health/coronavirus-prisons-cdc.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507161241/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/06/health/coronavirus-prisons-cdc.html |archive-date=7 May 2020 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> In the United States, the prisoner population is ageing and many of them are at high risk for poor outcomes from COVID‑19 due to high rates of coexisting heart and lung disease, and poor access to high-quality healthcare.<ref name="Hawks2020">{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Hawks L, Woolhandler S, McCormick D | title = COVID-19 in Prisons and Jails in the United States | journal = JAMA Internal Medicine | volume = 180 | issue = 8 | pages = 1041–1042 | date = August 2020 | pmid = 32343355 | doi = 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1856 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>