The Reverend Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===Christianity=== ====Catholic==== {{More citations needed|section|date=April 2021}} * [[Nun|Religious sisters]] may be styled as ''Reverend Sister'' (in writing), though this is more common in Italy than in, for example, the United States. They may be addressed as ''Sister'' (in writing or in speaking). * [[Deacons]] are addressed as ** ''The Reverend Deacon'' (in writing), or ''Father Deacon'' (in writing or speaking), or simply ''Deacon'' (in speaking), if ordained permanently to the diaconate. *** ''The Reverend Mister'' (in writing) may be used for seminarians who are ordained to the diaconate, before being ordained presbyters; ''Deacon'' (in speaking); nearly never ''Father Deacon'' when referring to a [[Latin Church]] deacon in English. * [[Priest]]s, whether [[Secular clergy|secular]], in an order of [[Canons Regular|canons regular]], a [[monastic orders|monastic]] or a [[mendicant order]], or [[Clerics Regular|clerics regular]] ''The Reverend'' or ''The Reverend Father'' (in writing). ** [[Protonotary apostolic|Protonotaries Apostolic]], [[Honorary Prelate|Prelates of Honor]] and [[chaplain of His Holiness|Chaplains of His Holiness]]: ''The Reverend [[Monsignor]]'' (in writing). ** Priests with various grades of jurisdiction above pastor (e.g., [[vicars general]], [[judicial vicar]]s, [[ecclesiastical judge]]s, [[episcopal vicar]]s, [[Provincial superior|provincials]] of religious orders of priests, rectors or presidents of colleges and universities, [[Prior (ecclesiastical)|prior]]s of monasteries, [[Dean (religion)|dean]]s, [[vicars forane]], [[archpriests]]): ''The Very Reverend'' (in writing). * [[Abbot]]s of monasteries: ''The Right Reverend'' (in writing). * [[Abbess]]es of convents: ''The Reverend Mother Superior'', with their convent's name following (e.g., ''The Reverend Mother Superior of the Poor Clares of Boston'' in written form, while being referred to simply as ''Mother Superior'' in speech).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.catholictradition.org/Saints/forms-address.htm |title= Catholic Forms of Address |publisher= Catholic tradition |access-date= 24 October 2012 |archive-date= 29 October 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121029134518/http://www.catholictradition.org/Saints/forms-address.htm |url-status= live }}</ref> * [[Bishop]]s and [[archbishop]]s: ''The Most Reverend''. ** In some countries of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]], such as the United Kingdom (but not in Northern Ireland), only archbishops are styled ''The Most Reverend'' (and addressed as "Your Grace") and other bishops are styled ''The Right Reverend''. * [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinals]] are styled as ''His Eminence'' * [[Patriarchs]] as ''His Beatitude'' * Patriarchs of Eastern-rite Catholic churches (those in full communion with Rome) who are made Cardinals are titled ''His Beatitude and Eminence'' * The Catholic [[Pope]] and other Eastern-rite Catholic or Orthodox leaders with the title Pope as ''His Holiness''<ref name=C>{{Cite web |url=http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/culture/catholic-contributions/how-to-address-church-officials.html |title="How to Address Church Officials", ''Catholic Education Resource Center'' website. |access-date=16 September 2016 |archive-date=16 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916233344/http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/culture/catholic-contributions/how-to-address-church-officials.html |url-status=live }}</ref> None of the clergy are usually addressed in speech as ''Reverend'' or ''The Reverend'' alone. Generally, ''Father'' is acceptable for all three orders of clergy, though in some countries this is customary for priests only. Deacons may be addressed as ''Deacon'', honorary prelates as ''Monsignor''; bishops and archbishops as ''Your Excellency'' (or ''Your Grace'' in Commonwealth countries), or, in informal settings, as ''Bishop'', ''Archbishop'', etc. ====Eastern Orthodox==== {{More citations needed|section|date=June 2013}} * A deacon is often styled as ''The Reverend Deacon'' (or [[Hierodeacon]], [[Archdeacon]], [[Protodeacon]], according to ecclesiastical elevation), while in spoken use the title ''Father'' is used (sometimes ''Father Deacon''). * A married priest is ''The Reverend Father''; a monastic priest is ''The Reverend [[Hieromonk]]''; a [[protopresbyter]] is ''The Very Reverend Father''; and an [[archimandrite]] is either ''The Very Reverend Father'' (Greek practice) or ''The Right Reverend Father'' (Russian practice). All may be simply addressed as ''Father''. * [[Abbot]]s and [[abbess]]es are styled ''The Very Reverend Abbot/Abbess'' and are addressed as ''Father'' and ''Mother'' respectively. * A bishop is referred to as ''The Right Reverend Bishop''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.goarch.org/-/forms-of-addresses-and-salutations-for-orthodox-clergy |title=Forms of Addresses and Salutations for Orthodox Clergy |access-date=19 February 2019 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722155535/https://www.goarch.org/-/forms-of-addresses-and-salutations-for-orthodox-clergy |url-status=live }}</ref> and addressed as ''Your Grace'' (or ''Your Excellency''). * An archbishop or metropolitan, whether or not he is the head of an [[autocephaly|autocephalous]] or [[autonomous]] church, is styled ''The Most Reverend Archbishop/Metropolitan'' and addressed as ''Your Eminence''. * Heads of autocephalous and autonomous churches with the title Patriarch are styled differently, according to the customs of their respective churches, usually ''Beatitude'' but sometimes ''Holiness'' and exceptionally ''All-Holiness''. ====Protestant==== =====Anglican===== * [[Deacons]] are styled as ''The Reverend'', ''The Reverend Deacon'', or ''The Reverend Mr/Mrs/Miss''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.crockford.org.uk/faq/how-to-address-the-clergy |title="How to address the clergy", ''Crockford's Clerical Directory'' website. |access-date=16 September 2016 |archive-date=17 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917031523/https://www.crockford.org.uk/faq/how-to-address-the-clergy |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Priest]]s are usually styled as ''The Reverend'', ''The Reverend Father/Mother'' (even if not a [[Religious (Catholicism)|religious]]) or ''The Reverend Mr/Mrs/Miss''. * Heads of some women's [[religious order]]s are styled as ''The Reverend Mother'' (even if not ordained). * [[Canon (priest)|Canon]]s are usually styled as ''The Reverend Canon'' (sometimes abbreviated as "Cn"). * [[Dean (religion)|Dean]]s are usually styled as ''[[The Very Reverend]]''. * [[Archdeacon]]s are usually styled as ''[[Venerable|The Venerable]]'' (abbreviated as "The Ven"). * [[Prior (ecclesiastical)|Prior]]s of monasteries may be styled as ''[[The Very Reverend]]''. * [[Abbot]]s of monasteries may be styled as ''[[The Right Reverend]]''.<ref>{{Citation | title = Contact us | url = http://www.altonabbey.org.uk/contact-us | publisher = Alton Abbey | place = UK | access-date = 7 September 2011 | archive-date = 10 November 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111110120622/http://www.altonabbey.org.uk/contact-us | url-status = live }}</ref> * [[Bishop]]s are styled as ''[[The Right Reverend]]'' and, traditionally, ''[[Lord#Ecclesiastical|His Lordship]]'' if a male diocesan bishop (or ''His/Her Grace'' in the United States).<ref name="Nathan1927">{{cite book|last=Nathan|first=George Jean|title=The American Mercury, Volume 10|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B74OAAAAMAAJ|access-date=17 December 2017|year=1927|publisher=Knopf|language=en|page=186|quote=When traveling in England they are customarily addressed as "My Lord" or "Your Lordship" and thus put on the same footing as the Bishops of the Established Church of that country, who, when sojourning in America, are properly so addressed. Similarly, a visiting Anglican Archbishop is "Your Grace." He is introduced as "The Most Reverend, His Grace, the Archbishop of York."}}</ref> * [[Archbishop]]s and [[primate (bishop)|primate]]s and (for historical reasons) the [[Bishop of Meath and Kildare]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ireland.anglican.org/information/dioceses/68|title=The Church of Ireland|website=www.ireland.anglican.org|access-date=12 October 2015|archive-date=13 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151013085210/http://www.ireland.anglican.org/information/dioceses/68|url-status=live}}</ref> are styled as ''[[The Most Reverend]]''. * Some archbishops, such as the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], are also styled ''[[Grace (style)|His/Her Grace]]''. =====Baptist===== {{Unreferenced section|date=April 2021}} Among [[Southern Baptist]]s in the United States, [[pastor]]s are often referred to in written communication and formal address as ''Reverend''. However, Southern Baptist pastors are often orally addressed as either ''Brother'' (e.g., ''Brother Smith'', as New Testament writers describe Christians as being brothers and sisters in Christ) or ''Pastor'' (as in ''Pastor Smith'' or simply ''Pastor'' without the pastor's last name). Many African American Baptists use "Reverend" informally and formally, however correctly ''The Reverend John Smith'' or ''The Reverend Mary Smith''. Members of the [[National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.|National Baptist Convention]] usually refer to their pastors as ''The Reverend''. =====Lutheran===== {{Unreferenced section|date=June 2013}} * Deacons: Commonly styled ''Deacon'' and their last name (such as Deacon Smith) *Pastors: ''The Reverend'' is usually written, but the person is commonly orally addressed as ''Pastor Smith'' or "Pastor John"; the latter frequently used by members of their congregation. * Priests:{{NoteTag|In most European Lutheran churches (as well as some in America) most clergy are called ''priests'' rather than the American tradition of ''pastors''.}} The formal style for a priest is either ''The Reverend'' or ''The Very Reverend'', but for male priests the title ''Father'' and the person's last name are frequently used (such as Father Smith). * Bishops are styled as ''The Right Reverend''. ** In America the style ''The Reverend Bishop'' or simply ''Bishop'' and the person's last name are more frequently used. * Archbishops are styled as ''The Most Reverend''. =====Methodist===== {{Unreferenced section|date=June 2013}} In some Methodist churches, especially in the United States, ordained and licensed ministers are usually addressed as ''Reverend'', unless they hold a doctorate in which case they are often addressed in formal situations as ''The Reverend Doctor''. In informal situations ''Reverend'' is used. ''The Reverend'', however, is used in more formal or in written communication, along with ''His/Her Reverence'' or ''Your Reverence''. ''Brother'' or ''Sister'' is used in some places, although these are formally used to address members of Methodist religious orders, such as the [[Saint Brigid of Kildare Monastery]]. Use of these forms of address differs depending on the location of the church or [[Annual conferences within Methodism|annual conference]]. In British Methodism, ordained ministers can be either presbyters (ministers of word and sacrament) or deacons (ministers of witness and service). Presbyters are addressed as ''The Revd'' (with given name and surname) or as Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms with surname alone. The [[United Methodist Church]] in the United States often addresses its ministers as ''Reverend'' (e.g., ''Reverend Smith''). ''The Reverend'', however, is still used in more formal or official written communication. =====Presbyterian===== {{Unreferenced section|date=June 2013}} Church ministers are styled ''The Reverend''. The [[Moderator of the General Assembly|moderators of the General Assemblies]] of the [[Church of Scotland]], the [[Presbyterian Church in Ireland]], the [[Presbyterian Church of Australia]], and the [[United Church of Canada]], when ordained clergy, are styled ''The Right Reverend'' during their year of service and ''The Very Reverend'' afterwards. Moderators of the General Assembly of the [[Presbyterian Church (USA)]] are styled simply ''The Reverend''. By tradition in the Church of Scotland, the ministers of [[St Giles' Cathedral]], Edinburgh (also known as the High Kirk of Edinburgh) and [[Paisley Abbey]] are styled ''The Very Reverend''. In Presbyterian courts where elders hold equal status with ministers it is correct to refer to ministers by their title (Mr, Mrs, Dr, Prof etc.). =====Restoration Movement===== Like some other groups that assert the lack of clerical titles within the church as narrated in the New Testament, congregations in the [[Restoration Movement]] (i.e., influenced by [[Barton Warren Stone]] and [[Alexander Campbell (clergyman)|Alexander Campbell]]), often disdain use of ''The Reverend'' and instead use the more generalized designation ''Brother''. The practice is universal within the [[Churches of Christ]] and prevalent in the [[Christian Churches and Churches of Christ]] but has become uncommon in the [[Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)|Disciples of Christ]], which use ''The Reverend'' for ordained ministers.<ref>{{Citation | first1 = Frank S | last1 = Mead | first2 = Samuel S | last2 = Hill | first3 = Craig D | last3 = Atwood | title = Handbook of denominations in the United States | edition = 12th | place = Nashville | publisher = Abingdon | year = 2005 | ISBN = 0-687-05784-1}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | editor1-first = Douglas A | editor1-last = Foster | editor1-link = Douglas A. Foster | editor2-first = Paul M | editor2-last = Blowers | editor3-first = Anthony L | editor3-last = Dunnavant | editor4-first = D Newell |display-editors = 3 | editor4-last = Williams | title = Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement | place = Grand Rapids | publisher = William B Eerdmans | year = 2004 | ISBN = 0-8028-3898-7}}</ref> =====Community of Christ===== {{Unreferenced section|date=June 2013}} Internally, members of the priesthood do not use ''The Reverend'' as a style, but are generally known as "brother" or "sister" or by their specific priesthood office ("deacon", "teacher" or "priest" are often appended after the person's name, instead of, for example, "Deacon John Adams" or "Deacon Adams", and generally only in written form; in contrast, elders, bishops, evangelists, apostles, etc. are often, for example, known as "Bishop John Smith" or "Bishop Smith"). Any member of the priesthood who presides over a congregation can, and often is, known as "pastor" or (if an elder), "presiding elder". Such use might only be in reference to occupying that position ("she is the pastor") as opposed to being used as a style ("Pastor Jane"). Priesthood members presiding over multiple congregations or various church councils are often termed "president". Externally, in ecumenical settings, ''The Reverend'' is sometimes used. =====Nondenominational===== {{Unreferenced section|date=April 2021}} In some countries, including the United States, the title ''[[Pastor]]'' (such as ''Pastor Smith'' in more formal address or ''Pastor John'' in less formal) is often used in many nondenominational Christian traditions rather than ''The Reverend'' or ''Reverend''. Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. 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