Taiwan

===Name of the country===
{{See also|Chinese Taipei|Names of China|China and the United Nations}}

The official name of the country in English is the "Republic of China". Shortly after the ROC's establishment in 1912, while it was still located on the Chinese mainland, the government used the short form "China" (''{{lang|zh-Latn-TW|Zhōngguó}}'', {{lang|zh-Hant-TW|{{linktext|中國}}}}) to refer to itself, derived from {{lang|zh-latn-pinyin|zhōng}} ("central" or "middle") and {{lang|zh-latn-pinyin|guó}} ("state, nation-state").{{efn|Although this is the present meaning of {{lang|zh-latn-pinyin|guó}}, in [[Old Chinese]] (when its pronunciation was something like {{nowrap|/*qʷˤək/}})<ref name=bs>[[Reconstructions of Old Chinese|Baxter-Sagart]].</ref> it meant the walled city of the Chinese and the areas they could control from them.<ref name=wilx/>}} The term developed under the [[Zhou dynasty]] in reference to its [[demesne|royal demesne]],{{efn|Its use is attested from the sixth-century [[Classic of History]], which states "[[Tian (god)|Huangtian]] bestowed the lands and the peoples of the central state to the ancestors" ({{lang|zh|皇天既付中國民越厥疆土于先王}}).<ref>{{lang|zh|[[:s:zh:尚書|《尚書》]], [[:s:zh:尚書/梓材|梓材]].}} {{in lang|zh}}</ref>}} and was then applied to the area around Luoyi (present-day [[Luoyang]]) during the [[Eastern Zhou]] and later to China's [[Central Plain (China)|Central Plain]], before being used as an occasional synonym for the state during the Qing era.<ref name=wilx>{{citation |last=Wilkinson |first=Endymion |title=Chinese History: A Manual |url={{GBurl|id=ERnrQq0bsPYC}} |year=2000|publisher=Harvard University Asia Center |series=Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph No. 52 |page=[{{GBurl|id=ERnrQq0bsPYC|p=132}} 132] |isbn=978-0-674-00249-4 }}</ref> The name of the republic had stemmed from the party manifesto of the [[Tongmenghui]] in 1905, which says the four goals of the Chinese revolution was "to expel the [[Manchu people|Manchu]] rulers, to revive [[Names of China#Zhongguo|''Chunghwa'']], to establish a Republic, and to distribute land equally among the people."{{efn native lang|tw|t=驅除韃虜, 恢復中華, 創立民國, 平均地權|p=Qūchú dálǔ, huīfù Zhōnghuá, chuànglì mínguó, píngjūn dì quán}} Revolutionary leader [[Sun Yat-sen]] proposed the name ''Chunghwa Minkuo'' as the assumed name of the new country when the revolution succeeded.

During the 1950s and 1960s, after the ROC government had withdrawn to Taiwan, it was commonly referred to as "Nationalist China" (or "[[Free area of the Republic of China|Free China]]") to differentiate it from "communist China" (or "[[China|Red China]]").<ref>{{Cite book|last=Garver|first=John W. |title=The Sino-American Alliance: Nationalist China and American Cold War Strategy in Asia|publisher=M.E. Sharp|date=April 1997|isbn=978-0-7656-0025-7}}</ref> Over subsequent decades, the Republic of China has become commonly known as "Taiwan", after the main island. To avoid confusion, the ROC government in Taiwan began to put "Taiwan" next to its official name in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BBC 中文網 |date=29 August 2005 |title=論壇：台總統府網頁加注"台灣" |trans-title=Forum: Adding "Taiwan" to the website of Taiwan's Presidential Office |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad/hi/newsid_4730000/newsid_4730400/4730413.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612230950/http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad/hi/newsid_4730000/newsid_4730400/4730413.stm |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=12 March 2007 |publisher=BBC 中文網 |language=zh-hant |quote=台總統府公共事務室陳文宗上周六（7月30日）表示，外界人士易把中華民國（Republic of China），誤認為對岸的中國，造成困擾和不便。公共事務室指出，為了明確區別，決定自周六起於中文繁體、简化字的總統府網站中，在「中華民國」之後，以括弧加注「臺灣」。[Chen Wen-tsong, Public Affairs Office of Taiwan's Presidential Office, stated last Saturday (30 July) that outsiders tend to mistake the Chung-hua Min-kuo (Republic of China) for China on the other side, causing trouble and inconvenience. The Public Affairs Office pointed out that in order to clarify the distinction, it was decided to add "Taiwan" in brackets after "Republic of China" on the website of the Presidential Palace in traditional and simplified Chinese starting from Saturday.]}}</ref> In ROC government publications, the name is written as "Republic of China (Taiwan)", "Republic of China/Taiwan", or sometimes "Taiwan (ROC)".<ref>{{cite web |title=Office of President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) |url=http://english.president.gov.tw/ |access-date=15 July 2015 |website=Office of President of the Republic of China (Taiwan)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About Taiwan |url=https://www.taiwan.gov.tw/about.php |access-date=16 June 2020 |website=Taiwan.gov.tw}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=President Tsai interviewed by BBC |url=https://english.president.gov.tw/News/5962 |access-date=16 June 2020 |work=Office of the President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) |date=18 January 2020 |quote=Well, the idea is that we don't have a need to declare ourselves an independent state. We are an independent country already and we call ourselves the Republic of China (Taiwan)}}</ref>

The Republic of China participates in most international forums and organizations under the name "[[Chinese Taipei]]" as a compromise with the People's Republic of China (PRC). For instance, it is the name under which it has participated in the [[Olympic Games]] as well as the [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation|APEC]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/no-need-avoid-xi-apec-taiwan-envoy-says-after-rare-encounter-2022-11-21/|title=No need to avoid Xi at APEC, Taiwan envoy says after rare encounter|work=Reuters|date=21 November 2022}}</ref> "Taiwan authorities" is sometimes used by the PRC to refer to the government in Taiwan.<ref name="PRCNorway"/>
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