Scotch-Irish Americans

==Migration==
From 1710 to 1775, over 200,000 people emigrated from Ulster to the original thirteen American colonies. The largest numbers went to Pennsylvania. From that base some went south into Virginia, the Carolinas and across the South, with a large concentration in the [[Appalachian region]]. Others headed west to western Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and the Midwest.<ref name="Jones 1980 p. 904">{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Maldwyn A.|year=1980|chapter=Scotch-Irish|editor-last=Thernstrom|editor-first=Stephan|editor-link=Stephan Thernstrom|editor-last2=Orlov|editor-first2=Ann|editor-last3=Handlin|editor-first3=Oscar|editor-link3=Oscar Handlin|title=Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups|place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, MA]]|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|pages=895–908|isbn=978-0674375123|oclc=1038430174|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/harvardencyclope00ther|url=https://archive.org/details/harvardencyclope00ther/page/895}}</ref>

Transatlantic flows were halted by the [[American Revolution]], but resumed after 1783, with total of 100,000 arriving in America between 1783 and 1812. By that point few were young servants and more were mature craftsmen, and they settled in industrial centers, including Pittsburgh, Philadelphia and New York, where many became skilled workers, foremen and entrepreneurs as the [[Industrial Revolution]] took off in the U.S.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} Another half million came to America 1815 to 1845; another 900,000 came in 1851–99.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} <!-- What about the gap from 1845 to 1851?! --> That migration decisively shaped Scotch-Irish culture.<ref name="Jones 1980 p. 904"/>

According to the ''Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups'', there were 400,000 U.S. residents of Irish birth or ancestry in 1790 and half of this group was descended from Ulster, and half from the other three provinces of Ireland.<ref name="Blessing 1980 p. 529">{{cite book|last=Blessing|first=Patrick J.|editor-last=Thernstrom|editor-first=Stephan|editor-link=Stephan Thernstrom|editor-last2=Orlov|editor-first2=Ann|editor-last3=Handlin|editor-first3=Oscar|editor-link3=Oscar Handlin|title=Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups|year=1980|chapter=Irish|place=[[Cambridge, Massachusetts|Cambridge, MA]]|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/harvardencyclope00ther/page/529 529]|isbn=978-0674375123|oclc=1038430174|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/harvardencyclope00ther|url=https://archive.org/details/harvardencyclope00ther/page/528}}</ref>

A separate migration brought many to [[Irish Canadian|Canada]], where they are most numerous in rural [[Ontario]] and [[Nova Scotia]].{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}