Saint Peter

===Sources===
The sources used to reconstruct the life of Peter can be divided in three groups:

* the [[New Testament]] writings, such as the [[Pauline epistles|Pauline Epistles]] (where [[Paul the Apostle]] calls him "Cephas" and "Peter"), the [[Petrine epistles|Petrine Epistles]] (traditionally attributed to him, but their authorship is disputed), the [[Canonical gospels|Canonical Gospels]] and the [[Acts of the Apostles]];
* the [[New Testament apocrypha]] attributed to him, such as the [[Gospel of Peter]], the [[Preaching of Peter]], the [[Acts of Peter]], the [[Acts of Peter and Andrew]], the [[Acts of Peter and the Twelve]], the [[Acts of Peter and Paul]], the [[Letter of Peter to Philip]], the Letter of Peter to James the Just, the [[Apocalypse of Peter]] and the [[Gnostic Apocalypse of Peter|Coptic Apocalypse of Peter]]. Scholars agree that these are late [[pseudepigrapha]] with little historical value, though they may contain some historical kernel;
* the writing of the Apostolic Fathers and the Church Fathers, such as [[Papias of Hierapolis]], [[Pope Clement I]], [[Polycarp]], [[Ignatius of Antioch]] and [[Irenaeus|Ireneus]].

In the [[New Testament]], he is among the first{{refn|group=note|The narrative of Jesus' calling of his first disciples varies throughout all four gospels. In Mark 1:16,<ref>{{bibleverse|Mark|1:16|NRSV}}</ref> "Simon and his brother Andrew" are the first to be called; in Matthew 4:18,<ref>{{bibleverse|Matthew|4:18|NRSV}}</ref> "Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother" are also the first to be called; and in Luke 5:1–11,<ref>{{bibleverse|Luke|5:1–11|NRSV}}</ref> Simon Peter, alongside "James and John, sons of Zebedee, who were partners with Simon", are the first to be called. The narrative in the Gospel of John deviates from the narrative in the three Synoptic Gospels; in John 1:40–42,<ref>{{bibleverse|John|1:40–42|NRSV}}</ref> Andrew is the first disciple, and later brings Simon to Jesus, who names him Cephas (translated as Peter).}} of the disciples called during Jesus' ministry. Peter became the first listed [[Apostles in the New Testament|apostle]] ordained by Jesus in the early Church.<ref name="ODCC Peter">"Peter, St" by F. L. Cross, ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church'', Oxford University Press, 2005</ref>