Quadrivium

==Modern usage==
In modern applications of the liberal arts as curriculum in colleges or universities, the quadrivium may be considered to be the study of [[number]] and its relationship to space or time: arithmetic was pure number, geometry was number in [[space]], music was number in [[time]], and astronomy was number in [[spacetime|space and time]]. [[Morris Kline]] classified the four elements of the quadrivium as pure (arithmetic), stationary (geometry), moving (astronomy), and applied (music) number.<ref>Kline, Morris (1953). "The Sine of G Major". In ''Mathematics in Western Culture''. Oxford University Press.</ref>

This schema is sometimes referred to as "classical education", but it is more accurately a [[Renaissance of the 12th century|development of the 12th- and 13th-century Renaissance]] with recovered classical elements, rather than an organic growth from the educational systems of antiquity. The term continues to be used by the [[classical education movement]] and at the independent [[Oundle School]], in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boarding.org.uk/media/news/article/2352/Oundle-School-Improving-Intellectual-Challenge |title=Oundle School – Improving Intellectual Challenge |date=27 October 2014 |website=The Boarding Schools' Association |access-date=10 December 2015 |archive-date=15 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815195502/http://www.boarding.org.uk/media/news/article/2352/Oundle-School-Improving-Intellectual-Challenge |url-status=dead }}<br />Each of these iterations was discussed in a conference at [[King's College London]] on "[http://www.kcl.ac.uk/artshums/depts/liberal/conference.aspx The Future of Liberal Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525204125/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/artshums/depts/liberal/conference.aspx |date=2016-05-25 }}" at schools and universities.</ref>