Northern Europe

==Classifications==
There are various definitions of Northern Europe which always include the [[Nordic countries]], often the [[British Isles]] and [[Baltic states]], and sometimes [[Greenland]].

===UN geoscheme classification===
[[File:Europe subregion map UN geoscheme.svg|thumb|upright=1.15|Subregions of Europe by [[United Nations geoscheme]].
<small>{{legend|#FF8080|[[Eastern Europe]]}}
{{legend|#4080FF|Northern Europe}}
{{legend|#00FF00|[[Southern Europe]]}}
{{legend|#00FFFF|[[Western Europe]]}}</small>]]

The United Nations geoscheme is a system devised by the [[United Nations Statistics Division]] (UNSD) which divides the countries of the world into [[region]]al and [[subregion]]al groups, based on the [[UN M49|M49 coding classification]]. The partition is for statistical convenience and does not imply any assumption regarding political or other affiliation of countries or territories.<ref name="m49">{{Cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/|title=UNSD — Methodology|website=unstats.un.org|access-date=17 June 2019|archive-date=30 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830170949/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the UN geoscheme, the following countries are classified as Northern Europe:<ref name="m49" />
* [[Denmark]]
* [[Estonia]]
* [[Finland]]
* [[Iceland]]
* [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
* [[Latvia]]
* [[Lithuania]]
* [[Norway]]
* [[Sweden]]
* [[United Kingdom]]

as well as the dependent areas:
* [[Åland]]
* [[Channel Islands]]
** [[Bailiwick of Guernsey]]
** [[Bailiwick of Jersey]]
* [[Faroe Islands]]
* [[Isle of Man]]
* [[Svalbard and Jan Mayen]]

===EuroVoc===
[[EuroVoc]] is a multilingual thesaurus maintained by the [[Publications Office of the European Union]], giving definitions of terms for official use. In the definition of "Northern Europe", the following countries are included:<ref>{{cite web |last1=Publications Office of the European Union |title=EU Vocabularies 7206 Europe |url=https://publications.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/th-concept-scheme/-/resource/eurovoc/100277?target=Browse |website=EuroVoc |access-date=24 April 2019 |archive-date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424195555/https://publications.europa.eu/en/web/eu-vocabularies/th-concept-scheme/-/resource/eurovoc/100277%3Ftarget%3DBrowse |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Estonia]]
*[[Latvia]]
*[[Lithuania]]
*[[Denmark]]
*[[Finland]]
*[[Iceland]]
*[[Norway]]
*[[Sweden]]
as well as the dependent area:
*[[Faroe Islands]]
In this classification [[Jersey]], [[Guernsey]], the [[Isle of Man]], the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] are included in [[Western Europe]].

===''CIA World Factbook''===
[[File:Europe subregion map world factbook.svg|thumb|upright=1.15|Regions of Europe based on ''[[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]]'':
<small>{{legend|#007FFF|Northern Europe}}
{{legend|#00FFFF|[[Western Europe]]}}
{{legend|#F0DC82|[[Central Europe]]}}
{{legend|#FF0000|[[Southwest Europe]]}}
{{legend|#66FF00|[[Southern Europe]]}}
{{legend|#D2691E|[[Southeast Europe]]}}
{{legend|#F88379|[[Eastern Europe]]}}</small>]]

In the ''[[The World Factbook|CIA World Factbook]]'', the description of each country includes information about "Location" under the heading "Geography", where the country is classified into a region. The following countries are included in their classification "Northern Europe":<ref>{{cite web |last1=CIA |title=The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/ |access-date=26 January 2021 |archive-date=4 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210104183935/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*[[Denmark]]
*[[Finland]]
*[[Iceland]]
*[[Norway]]
*[[Sweden]]
as well as the dependent areas:
*[[Faroe Islands]] 
*[[Jan Mayen]]
*[[Svalbard]]
In this classification [[Jersey]], [[Guernsey]], the [[Isle of Man]], the [[United Kingdom]] and [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] are included in [[Western Europe]], while [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]] and [[Lithuania]] are included in [[Eastern Europe]].

===World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions===
[[File:WGSRPD Northern Europe.svg|thumb|upright=1.15|Northern Europe, as defined by the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions]]
The [[World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions]] is a biogeographical system developed by the international [[Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG)]] organization, formerly the International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases. The WGSRPD standards, like other standards for data fields in botanical databases, were developed to promote "the wider and more effective dissemination of information about the world's heritage of biological organisms for the benefit of the world at large". The system provides clear definitions and codes for recording [[plant]] distributions at four scales or levels, from "botanical continents" down to parts of large countries. The following countries are included in their classification of "Northern Europe":<ref>{{Cite book |last = Brummitt |first = R. K. |year = 2001 |title = World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions |edition = 2nd |publisher = International Working Group on Taxonomic Databases For Plant Sciences (TDWG) |url = https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tdwg/wgsrpd/master/109-488-1-ED/2nd%20Edition/TDWG_geo2.pdf |access-date = 27 July 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160125135239/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/tdwg/TDWG_geo2.pdf |archive-date = 25 January 2016}}</ref>
*[[Denmark]]
*[[Finland]]
*[[Iceland]]
*[[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
*[[Norway]]
*[[Sweden]]
*[[United Kingdom]]
as well as the dependent areas:
*[[Åland]]
*[[Faroe Islands]]
*[[Isle of Man]]
*[[Jan Mayen]]
*[[Svalbard]]