Matthew the Apostle

==The Gospel of Matthew==
{{main|Gospel of Matthew}}
{{see also|Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew}}
[[File:Rembrandt - Evangelist Matthew and the Angel - WGA19119.jpg|thumb|upright|''Saint Matthew and the Angel'' (1661) by [[Rembrandt]]]]

Early Church tradition holds that the [[Gospel of Matthew]] was written by the apostle Matthew. This tradition is first attested, among the extant writings of the first and second centuries, with the early Christian bishop [[Papias of Hierapolis]] ({{c.|AD 60–163}}),{{sfn|Martin|2012}} who is cited by the Church historian [[Eusebius]] (AD 260–340), as follows: "Matthew collected the oracles [in Greek, {{transliteration|grc|[[logia]]}}: sayings of or about Jesus] in the Hebrew language [{{transliteration|grc|Hebraïdi dialektōi}}], and each one interpreted [{{transliteration|grc|hērmēneusen}} – perhaps 'translated'] them as best he could."{{sfn|Turner|2008|p=15–16}}{{efn|name=Eusebius}}{{sfn|Bingham|1998|p=64}} Likewise, early Christian theologian [[Origen]] ({{c.|184}}–{{c.|253}}) indicates that the first gospel was written by Matthew,{{sfn|Edwards|2009|p=18}}{{sfn|Repschinski|2000|p=14}} and that his gospel was composed in Hebrew near Jerusalem for Hebrew Christians and translated into Greek. The Hebrew original was kept at the [[Theological Library of Caesarea Maritima|Library of Caesarea]]. Sometime in the late fourth or early fifth century the Nazarene Community transcribed a copy for [[Jerome]],{{sfn|Nicholson|1879|p=82}} which he used in his work.{{sfn|Saint Jerome|2000|p=10}} This Gospel was called the Gospel according to the Hebrews{{sfn|Hultgren|Haggmark|1996|p=122}} or sometimes the Gospel of the Apostles{{sfn|Nicholson|1879|p=26}}{{sfn|Dods|1858|p=iv}} and it was once believed that it was the original to the 'Greek Matthew' found in the Bible.{{sfn|Harrison|1964|p=152}} However, this has been challenged by modern biblical scholars such as [[Bart D. Ehrman]] and [[James R. Edwards]].{{sfn|Edwards|2009|p=245}}{{sfn|Ehrman|1999|p=43}}{{efn|See also the [[two-source hypothesis]].}}{{sfn|Mills|Wilson|2003|p=942}}{{sfn|Epiphanius of Salamis|1987|p=129}}
[[File:The Apostle Matthew.jpg|thumb|The Evangelist Matthew, [[Byzantium]], XIV century. Location: [[Greece]], [[Mount Athos|Athos]], [[Hilandar monastery]]]]
Most modern scholars hold that the Gospel of Matthew was written anonymously, and not by Matthew.{{sfn|Muddiman|Barton|2010|p=27}}{{sfn|Allison|2010|p=27}} The author is not named within the text, and scholars have proposed that the superscription "according to Matthew" was added sometime in the second century.{{sfn|Harrington|1991|p=8}}{{sfn|Nolland|2005|p=16}}