Lausanne

==Geography==

===Topography===
[[File:Lausanne depuis le Mont Tendre.JPG|thumb|The agglomeration of Lausanne, [[Lake Geneva]] and the [[Alps]].]]The most important geographical feature of the area surrounding Lausanne is Lake Geneva (''Le Léman'' in French). Lausanne is built on the southern slope of the [[Swiss plateau]], with a difference in elevation of about {{convert|500|m|ft|0}} between the lakeshore at Ouchy and its northern edge bordering [[Le Mont-sur-Lausanne]] and [[Épalinges]]. Lausanne boasts a dramatic panorama over the lake and the Swiss and Savoyan [[Swiss Alps|Alps]].

In addition to its generally southward-sloping layout, the centre of the city is the site of an ancient river, the [[Le Flon (Lausanne)|Flon]], which has been covered since the 19th century. The former river forms a gorge running through the middle of the city south of the old city centre, generally following the course of the present ''Rue Centrale'', with several bridges crossing the depression to connect the adjacent neighbourhoods. Due to the considerable differences in elevation, tourists should make a note as to which plane of elevation they are on and where they want to go, otherwise they will find themselves tens of metres below or above the street in which they are trying to go. The name ''[[Lausanne-Flon station|Flon]]'' is also used for the [[Lausanne Metro|metro]] station located in the gorge.

The municipality includes the villages of [[Vidy]], Cour, [[Ouchy]], Mornex, Chailly, La Sallaz, Vennes, Montblesson, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Montheron and Chalet-à-Gobet ({{convert|871|m|ft|abbr=on}}) as well as the [[exclave]] of Vernand.

Lausanne is located at the limit between the extensive wine-growing regions of [[Lavaux]] (to the east) and [[la Côte]] (to the west).

Lausanne has an area, {{as of|2012-2014|lc=on}}, of {{convert|41.38|-|41.37|km2|sqmi|sp=us}} (depending on calculation method). Of this area, {{convert|6.22|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 15.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while {{convert|16.06|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 38.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, {{convert|19.00|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} or 45.9% is settled (buildings or roads), {{convert|0.08|km2|acre|abbr=on}} or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and {{convert|0.01|km2|acre|abbr=on}} or 0.0% is unproductive land.<ref name=BFS_land>[https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/raum-umwelt/bodennutzung-bedeckung/gesamtspektrum-regionalen-stufen/gemeinden.assetdetail.11007176.html Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics] 2018 data {{in lang|de}} accessed 26 July 2020</ref>

Of the built-up area, industrial buildings made up 1.6% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 22.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 12.4%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.6% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 7.4%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 9.4% is used for growing crops and 4.9% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is in lakes and streams.<ref name=BFS_land/>

The municipality was part of the old [[Lausanne District]] until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and it became the capital of the new district of Lausanne.<ref name=Mutation>[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/02.html Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113231755/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/nomenklaturen/blank/blank/gem_liste/02.html |date=13 November 2015 }}. {{in lang|de}} Retrieved 4 April 2011.</ref>

===Climate===
Lausanne has an average of 119.7 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives {{convert|1153|mm|in|abbr=on}} of [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]]. The wettest month is May during which time Lausanne receives an average of {{convert|117|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} of rain. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 12.1 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of {{convert|67|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} of precipitation over 8.8 days.<ref name=ClimatPUY1>{{cite web |url=http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/PUY/climsheet_PUY_np8110_e.pdf |title=Climate normals Pully (Reference period 1981–2010) |publisher=Swiss Federal Office of Metreology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss |location=Zurich Airport, Switzerland |date=2 July 2014 |access-date=3 April 2015}}</ref> The USDA [[Hardiness Zone]] for Lausanne-Pully is 8b with an average minimum temperature of −7.0 C over the past 20 years (1997–2016).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.plantmaps.com/interactive-switzerland-plant-hardiness-zone-map-celsius.php |access-date=26 October 2021 |title=Switzerland Plant Hardiness Zone Map |publisher=PlantMaps}}</ref>

<gallery perrow="6">
File:Spring and the City.jpg|Spring
File:Summer and the City.jpg|Summer
File:Autumn and the City.jpg|Autumn
File:Winter and the City.jpg|Winter
</gallery>

{{Weather box
|location = Pully (Lausanne) (1991–2020), Extremes (1981–2010)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 14.9
|Feb record high C = 15.8
|Mar record high C = 22.6
|Apr record high C = 25.5
|May record high C = 31.3
|Jun record high C = 33.6
|Jul record high C = 35.2
|Aug record high C = 37.1
|Sep record high C = 28.6
|Oct record high C = 25.4
|Nov record high C = 19.8
|Dec record high C = 17.7
|Jan high C = 4.7
|Feb high C = 5.9
|Mar high C = 10.5
|Apr high C = 14.6
|May high C = 18.9
|Jun high C = 22.8
|Jul high C = 25.0
|Aug high C = 24.5
|Sep high C = 19.8
|Oct high C = 14.6
|Nov high C = 8.9
|Dec high C = 5.4
|year high C = 14.6
|Jan mean C = 2.7
|Feb mean C = 3.3
|Mar mean C = 7.0
|Apr mean C = 10.6
|May mean C = 14.6
|Jun mean C = 18.4
|Jul mean C = 20.5
|Aug mean C = 20.1
|Sep mean C = 16.0
|Oct mean C = 11.7
|Nov mean C = 6.7
|Dec mean C = 3.5
|year mean C = 11.3
|Jan low C = 0.7
|Feb low C = 0.8
|Mar low C = 3.7
|Apr low C = 6.8
|May low C = 10.7
|Jun low C = 14.3
|Jul low C = 16.2
|Aug low C = 16.2
|Sep low C = 12.7
|Oct low C = 9.1
|Nov low C = 4.5
|Dec low C = 1.5
|year low C = 8.1
|Jan record low C = -16.7
|Feb record low C = -12.7
|Mar record low C = -9.1
|Apr record low C = -2.9
|May record low C = 2.1
|Jun record low C = 5.2
|Jul record low C = 9.0
|Aug record low C = 8.2
|Sep record low C = 4.4
|Oct record low C = -1.2
|Nov record low C = -6.2
|Dec record low C = -10.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 75
|Feb precipitation mm = 64
|Mar precipitation mm = 72
|Apr precipitation mm = 84
|May precipitation mm = 113
|Jun precipitation mm = 107
|Jul precipitation mm = 103
|Aug precipitation mm = 110
|Sep precipitation mm = 98
|Oct precipitation mm = 111
|Nov precipitation mm = 99
|Dec precipitation mm = 98
|year precipitation mm = 1132
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 9.8
|Feb precipitation days = 8.5
|Mar precipitation days = 9.0
|Apr precipitation days = 9.2
|May precipitation days = 11.7
|Jun precipitation days = 9.9
|Jul precipitation days = 9.6
|Aug precipitation days = 9.5
|Sep precipitation days = 8.9
|Oct precipitation days = 10.3
|Nov precipitation days = 10.4
|Dec precipitation days = 10.9
|year precipitation days = 117.7
|Jan snow cm = 10.9
|Feb snow cm = 14.3
|Mar snow cm = 1.6
|Apr snow cm = 0.2
|May snow cm = 0.0
|Jun snow cm = 0.0
|Jul snow cm = 0.0
|Aug snow cm = 0.0
|Sep snow cm = 0.0
|Oct snow cm = 0.0
|Nov snow cm = 1.1
|Dec snow cm = 7.0
|year snow cm = 35.1
|Jan humidity = 78
|Feb humidity = 73
|Mar humidity = 68
|Apr humidity = 64
|May humidity = 67
|Jun humidity = 66
|Jul humidity = 64
|Aug humidity = 67
|Sep humidity = 73
|Oct humidity = 78
|Nov humidity = 79
|Dec humidity = 79
|year humidity = 71
|unit snow days = 1.0 cm
|Jan snow days = 2.9
|Feb snow days = 2.8
|Mar snow days = 1.3
|Apr snow days = 0.1
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.8
|Dec snow days = 1.9
|year snow days = 9.8
|Jan sun = 77
|Feb sun = 109
|Mar sun = 169
|Apr sun = 193
|May sun = 213
|Jun sun = 240
|Jul sun = 259
|Aug sun = 241
|Sep sun = 188
|Oct sun = 132
|Nov sun = 79
|Dec sun = 58
|year sun = 1957
|Jan percentsun = 29
|Feb percentsun = 39
|Mar percentsun = 48
|Apr percentsun = 50
|May percentsun = 49
|Jun percentsun = 55
|Jul percentsun = 59
|Aug percentsun = 59
|Sep percentsun = 53
|Oct percentsun = 41
|Nov percentsun = 30
|Dec percentsun = 23
|year percentsun = 47
|source 1 = MeteoSwiss<ref name=ClimatPUY1/><ref name=ClimatPUY2>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114025934/https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/PUY/climsheet_PUY_np9120_e.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2022 |url=https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/PUY/climsheet_PUY_np9120_e.pdf |title=Climate normals Pully (Reference period 1991–2020) |publisher=Swiss Federal Office of Metreology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss |date=13 January 2022 |access-date=13 January 2022}}</ref>
|source 2 = StatistiqueVaud<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.scris.vd.ch/Default.aspx?DocID=8033&DomId=1961 |title=STATISTIQUE VAUD – Accès à la base de données sur la météorologie |website=www.scris.vd.ch |access-date=21 August 2017 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109194246/http://www.scris.vd.ch/Default.aspx?DocID=8033&DomId=1961. |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|date=July 2014
}}