Juba

==Transportation==
[[File:Sudan Juba bridge.jpg|thumb|Juba Bridge, a [[Bailey bridge]] over the [[White Nile]]]]

The city is a river port and the southern terminus of traffic along the [[Nile]] (specifically along the Bahr-al-Ghazal portion of the [[White Nile]]).<ref name="Parsons">{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Ellen C. |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281 |title=Christus Liberator: An Outline Study of Africa |date=1905 |publisher=Macmillan Company |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.157281/page/n20 7] |language=en |access-date=5 October 2017}}</ref> Before the civil war, Juba was also a transport hub, with highways connecting it to [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]] and the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. 

Since the end of the war Juba has been unable to recover to its pre-war state and is no longer a significant trade city. Roads and the river harbour are no longer in use due to being in disrepair. The United Nations and the [[Government of South Sudan|South Sudanese government]] are working on repairing the roads, but a full repair is expected to take many years. In 2003, the [[Swiss Foundation for Mine Action]] (FSD) started to clear the roads leading from Juba to Uganda and Kenya. It was expected that these roads would be completely de-mined and rebuilt in the course of 2006–2008.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} The rebuilding of the roads, which are mostly unpaved, takes a tremendous amount of effort and time because of the limited work season due to the lengthy rainy season, which lasts from March until October. The roads are important for the peace process in Sudan as people need them to return to their homes and to regain what they feel is a normal life. The first road that has started to be rebuilt is the road to Uganda. This road is particularly important, as many of the original inhabitants of Juba fled to Uganda during the war. {{As of|2009}}, there are three paved roads in Juba, one that was re-surfaced in July. The main one is a concrete road, built by the British in the 1950s.{{Citation needed|date=February 2012}}

Between 2008 and 2011, the [[Government of Uganda|Ugandan government]] and the [[Southern Sudan autonomous region (2005–2011)|South Sudanese government]] undertook joint efforts to develop a railway link between the [[Northern Region, Uganda|Northern Ugandan]] city of [[Gulu]] and Juba, with an extension to [[Wau, Sudan|Wau]]. A memorandum of understanding between the two governments was signed to that effect in August 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pachodo.org/20080908783/Pachodo.org-English-Articles/gulu-nimule-juba-wau-railway-line-in-offing.html|title=Gulu – Juba Railway in the Offing|date=20 September 2010|publisher=Pachodo.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007041738/http://www.pachodo.org/20080908783/Pachodo.org-English-Articles/gulu-nimule-juba-wau-railway-line-in-offing.html|archive-date=7 October 2011|access-date=20 June 2012}}</ref> The same memorandum outlined plans to develop the road network between the two countries. Recent media reports from the region suggest that the railway link from Juba may link directly with Kenya, bypassing Uganda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eturbonews.com/18517/railway-link-juba-may-go-directly-kenya|title=Railway Link From Juba May Go Directly To Kenya|last=Thome|first=Wolfgang H.|date=14 September 2010|publisher=Eturbonews.com|access-date=20 June 2012}}</ref>

[[Juba International Airport]] {{Airport codes|JUB|HJJJ}} is the site of large numbers of flights bringing UN and non-governmental organization (NGO) aid into South Sudan, as well as passengers and general air freight. The construction of a new terminal was begun in late 2007 when the oil prices were very high ($100+). Since then – with the oil prices going back down – the fate of the new terminal is uncertain. Building on the new terminal restarted in early 2014.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} As of February 2014, there are daily flights to [[Jomo Kenyatta International Airport]] in [[Nairobi]], Kenya; [[Khartoum International Airport]] in Sudan; [[Entebbe International Airport]] in [[Entebbe]], [[Uganda]]; and [[Bole International Airport]] in [[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia. The [[United Nations Mission in South Sudan]] (UNMISS) has a large compound near the Juba Airport.