Islamic terrorism

=== Pre-20th century ===
Others such as [[Ibn Warraq]] claim that from the beginning of Islam, "violent movements have arisen" such as the [[Khawarij|Kharijites]],<ref name="First Terrorists?">{{cite book |last1=Ibn Warraq |title=The Islam in Islamic Terrorism : the importance of Beliefs, Ideas, and Ideology |date=2017 |publisher=New English Review Press |location=London, UK |isbn=978-1-943003-08-2|chapter=9 The First Terrorists? Kharijites, Violence, and the Demand for the Purification of Islam of Its Unpious Accretions |edition=First}}</ref> Sahl ibn Salama, [[Al-Hasan ibn 'Ali al-Barbahari|Barbahari]], [[Kadizadeli]] movement, [[Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab|Ibn Abd al-Wahhab]], etc., "seeking to revive true Islam, which its members felt had been neglected in Muslim societies, who were not living up to the ideals of the earliest Muslims".<ref name=ibn-warraq-violent>{{cite book |last1=Ibn Warraq |title=The Islam in Islamic Terrorism : the importance of Beliefs, Ideas, and Ideology |date=2017 |publisher=New English Review Press |location=London, UK |isbn=978-1-943003-08-2 |page=18 |edition=First}}</ref>  The 7th century [[Khawarij|Kharijites]], according to some, started from an essentially political position but developed extreme doctrines that set them apart from both mainstream [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] and [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] Muslims. The group was particularly noted for adopting a radical approach to ''[[takfir]]'', whereby they declared Muslim opponents to be unbelievers and therefore worthy of death,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/national/fruits-of-the-tree-of-extremism|title=Imam Mohamad Jebara: Fruits of the tree of extremism|author=Mohamad Jebara More Mohamad Jebara|work=Ottawa Citizen}}</ref> and also by their strong resemblance to contemporary ISIL.<ref name="SHEEMA KHAN 2014">{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/another-battle-with-islams-true-believers/article20802390/ |title=Another battle with Islam's 'true believers'|work=The Globe and Mail |last1=KHAN |first1=SHEEMA |date=29 September 2014}}</ref>