Chicago

=== Beginnings ===
[[File:Pottawatomi Fashion at the Field Museum in Chicago.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Traditional [[Potawatomi]] regalia on display at the [[Field Museum of Natural History]]|left]]In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by the [[Potawatomi]], an indigenous tribe who had succeeded the [[Miami people|Miami]] and [[Sac and Fox Nation|Sauk and Fox]] peoples in this region.<ref>{{cite book |last=Keating |first=Ann Durkin |title=Chicagoland: City and Suburbs in the Railroad Age |year=2005 |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |isbn=0-226-42882-6 |lccn=2005002198 |page=25}}</ref>
[[File:Chicago-fire1.jpg|thumb|upright=1|An artist's rendering of the [[Great Chicago Fire|Great Chicago Fire of 1871]]|left]]
[[File:Home Insurance Building.JPG|thumb|upright=1|[[Home Insurance Building]] (1885)|left]] 
[[File:Looking West From Peristyle, Court of Honor and Grand Basin, 1893.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Court of Honor at the [[World's Columbian Exposition]] in 1893]]
The first known permanent settler in Chicago was trader [[Jean Baptiste Point du Sable]]. Du Sable was of [[African people|African]] descent, perhaps born in the [[List of French possessions and colonies|French colony]] of [[Saint-Domingue]] (Haiti), and established the settlement in the 1780s. He is commonly known as the "Founder of Chicago".{{sfnp|Genzen|2007|pp=10–11, 14–15}}{{sfnp|Keating|2005|pp=30–31, 221}}<ref name="Swenson">{{cite web |last=Swenson |first=John W |year=1999 |title=Jean Baptiste Point de Sable—The Founder of Modern Chicago |url=http://www.earlychicago.com/essays.php?essay=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050116080031/http://www.earlychicago.com/essays.php?essay=7 |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 16, 2005 |work=Early Chicago |publisher=Early Chicago, Inc. |access-date=August 8, 2010 }}</ref>

In 1795, following the victory of the new United States in the [[Northwest Indian War]], an area that was to be part of Chicago was turned over to the U.S. for a military post by native tribes in accordance with the [[Treaty of Greenville]]. In 1803, the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] constructed [[Fort Dearborn]], which was destroyed during the [[War of 1812]] in the [[Battle of Fort Dearborn]] by the Potawatomi before being later rebuilt.{{sfnp|Genzen|2007|pp=16–17}}

After the War of 1812, the [[Odawa people|Ottawa]], [[Ojibwe]], and Potawatomi tribes ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 [[Treaty of St. Louis (1816)|Treaty of St. Louis]]. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the [[1833 Treaty of Chicago]] and sent west of the [[Mississippi River]] as part of the federal policy of [[Indian removal]].{{sfnp|Buisseret|1990|pp=22–23, 68, 80–81}}{{sfnp|Keating|2005|pp=30–32}}<ref name="Timeline: Early Chicago History">{{cite web |title=Timeline: Early Chicago History |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/chicago/timeline/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325102159/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/chicago/timeline/index.html |work=Chicago: City of the Century |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation And Window to the World Communications, Inc. |archive-date=March 25, 2009 |year=2003 |access-date=May 26, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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