COVID-19

=== Complications ===
[[File:Fimmu-11-01648-g001.jpg|thumb|Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 [[cytokine storm]] and complications]]

Complications may include [[pneumonia]], [[acute respiratory distress syndrome]] (ARDS), [[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome|multi-organ failure]], [[septic shock]], and death.<ref name="Hui14Jan2020">{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Hui DS, I Azhar E, Madani TA, Ntoumi F, Kock R, Dar O, Ippolito G, Mchugh TD, Memish ZA, Drosten C, Zumla A, Petersen E  | title = The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health – The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China | journal = International Journal of Infectious Diseases | volume = 91 | pages = 264–266 | date = February 2020 | pmid = 31953166 | pmc = 7128332 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009 | title-link = doi | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Murthy S, Gomersall CD, Fowler RA | title = Care for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 | journal = JAMA | volume = 323 | issue = 15 | pages = 1499–1500 | date = April 2020 | pmid = 32159735 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2020.3633 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref name="StatPearls">{{#invoke:cite book||title=StatPearls|vauthors=Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R|date=2020|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|location=Treasure Island (FL)|chapter=Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19)|pmid=32150360|access-date=18 March 2020|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/}}</ref><ref name="Heymann Shindo 2020 pp. 542–545222">{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Heymann DL, Shindo N | title = COVID-19: what is next for public health? | journal = Lancet | volume = 395 | issue = 10224 | pages = 542–545 | date = February 2020 | pmid = 32061313 | pmc = 7138015 | doi = 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30374-3 | collaboration = WHO Scientific and Technical Advisory Group for Infectious Hazards }}</ref> Cardiovascular complications may include heart failure, [[arrhythmia]]s (including [[atrial fibrillation]]), [[Myocarditis|heart inflammation]], and [[thrombosis]], particularly [[venous thromboembolism]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Romiti GF, Corica B, Lip GY, Proietti M | title = Prevalence and Impact of Atrial Fibrillation in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis | journal = Journal of Clinical Medicine | volume = 10 | issue = 11 | pages = 2490 | date = June 2021 | pmid = 34199857 | doi = 10.3390/jcm10112490 | pmc = 8200114 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Wen W, Zhang H, Zhou M, Cheng Y, Ye L, Chen J, Wang M, Feng Z  | title = Arrhythmia in patients with severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a meta-analysis | journal = European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences | volume = 24 | issue = 21 | pages = 11395–11401 | date = November 2020 | pmid = 33215461 | doi = 10.26355/eurrev_202011_23632 | s2cid = 227077132 }}</ref><ref name="Long-2020">{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Long B, Brady WJ, Koyfman A, Gottlieb M | title = Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 | journal = The American Journal of Emergency Medicine | volume = 38 | issue = 7 | pages = 1504–1507 | date = July 2020 | pmid = 32317203 | pmc = 7165109 | doi = 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.048 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Puntmann VO, Carerj ML, Wieters I, Fahim M, Arendt C, Hoffmann J, Shchendrygina A, Escher F, Vasa-Nicotera M, Zeiher AM, Vehreschild M, Nagel E  | title = Outcomes of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients Recently Recovered From Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) | journal = JAMA Cardiology | volume = 5 | issue = 11 | pages = 1265–1273 | date = November 2020 | pmid = 32730619 | pmc = 7385689 | doi = 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3557 | title-link = doi | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Lindner D, Fitzek A, Bräuninger H, Aleshcheva G, Edler C, Meissner K, Scherschel K, Kirchhof P, Escher F, Schultheiss HP, Blankenberg S, Püschel K, Westermann D  | title = Association of Cardiac Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in Confirmed COVID-19 Autopsy Cases | journal = JAMA Cardiology | volume = 5 | issue = 11 | pages = 1281–1285 | date = November 2020 | pmid = 32730555 | pmc = 7385672 | doi = 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3551 | title-link = doi | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Siripanthong B, Nazarian S, Muser D, Deo R, Santangeli P, Khanji MY, Cooper LT, Chahal CA  | title = Recognizing COVID-19-related myocarditis: The possible pathophysiology and proposed guideline for diagnosis and management | journal = Heart Rhythm | volume = 17 | issue = 9 | pages = 1463–1471 | date = September 2020 | pmid = 32387246 | pmc = 7199677 | doi = 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.05.001 }}</ref> Approximately 20–30% of people who present with COVID‑19 have [[Elevated transaminases|elevated liver enzymes]], reflecting liver injury.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Xu L, Liu J, Lu M, Yang D, Zheng X | title = Liver injury during highly pathogenic human coronavirus infections | journal = Liver International | volume = 40 | issue = 5 | pages = 998–1004 | date = May 2020 | pmid = 32170806 | pmc = 7228361 | doi = 10.1111/liv.14435 | title-link = doi | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Sanders202022">{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Sanders JM, Monogue ML, Jodlowski TZ, Cutrell JB | title = Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review | journal = JAMA | volume = 323 | issue = 18 | pages = 1824–1836 | date = May 2020 | pmid = 32282022 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2020.6019 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>

Neurologic manifestations include [[Seizures|seizure]], stroke, [[encephalitis]], and [[Guillain–Barré syndrome]] (which includes [[Hemiparesis|loss of motor functions]]).<ref name="Carod-Artal-2020">{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Carod-Artal FJ | title = Neurological complications of coronavirus and COVID-19 | journal = Revista de Neurología | volume = 70 | issue = 9 | pages = 311–322 | date = May 2020 | pmid = 32329044 | doi = 10.33588/rn.7009.2020179 | s2cid = 226200547 }}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Toscano G, Palmerini F, Ravaglia S, Ruiz L, Invernizzi P, Cuzzoni MG, Franciotta D, Baldanti F, Daturi R, Postorino P, Cavallini A, Micieli G  | title = Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 382 | issue = 26 | pages = 2574–2576 | date = June 2020 | pmid = 32302082 | pmc = 7182017 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMc2009191 }}</ref> Following the infection, children may develop [[paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome]], which has symptoms similar to [[Kawasaki disease]], which can be fatal.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents temporally related to COVID-19 |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/multisystem-inflammatory-syndrome-in-children-and-adolescents-with-covid-19 |website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO) |date=15 May 2020|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite report ||title=HAN Archive – 00432 |url=https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2020/han00432.asp |website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |access-date=20 May 2020 |date=15 May 2020}}</ref> In very rare cases, acute [[encephalopathy]] can occur, and it can be considered in those who have been diagnosed with COVID‑19 and have an altered mental status.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal || vauthors = Poyiadji N, Shahin G, Noujaim D, Stone M, Patel S, Griffith B | title = COVID-19-associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: Imaging Features | journal = Radiology | volume = 296 | issue = 2 | pages = E119–E120 | date = August 2020 | pmid = 32228363 | pmc = 7233386 | doi = 10.1148/radiol.2020201187 }}</ref>

According to the US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], pregnant women are at increased risk of becoming seriously ill from COVID‑19.<ref name="Cordoba-Vives-2020">{{#invoke:cite journal||vauthors=Córdoba-Vives S, Peñaranda G|date=April 2020|title=COVID-19 y Embarazo|url=https://revistamedicacr.com/index.php/rmcr/article/viewFile/288/265|journal=Medical Journal of Costa Rica |pages=629 |language=es|access-date=14 February 2022|archive-date=18 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618082133/http://revistamedicacr.com/index.php/rmcr/article/viewFile/288/265|url-status=dead}}</ref> This is because pregnant women with COVID‑19 appear to be more likely to develop respiratory and obstetric complications that can lead to [[miscarriage]], [[premature delivery]] and [[intrauterine growth restriction]].<ref name="Cordoba-Vives-2020" />

Fungal infections such as [[aspergillosis]], [[candidiasis]], [[cryptococcosis]] and [[mucormycosis]] have been recorded in patients recovering from COVID‑19.<ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||vauthors=Das S, Dhar S |title=Mucormycosis Following COVID-19 Infections: an Insight |journal=The Indian Journal of Surgery |volume=84| pages=585–586 |date=July 2021 |issue=3 |pmid=34276145 |pmc=8270771 |doi=10.1007/s12262-021-03028-1 |s2cid=235782159}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite journal ||vauthors=Baruah C, Devi P, Deka B, Sharma DK |date=June 2021|title=Mucormycosis and Aspergillosis have been Linked to Covid-19-Related Fungal Infections in India |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352554687 |journal=Advancements in Case Studies|volume=3|issue=1|doi=10.31031/AICS.2021.03.000555|s2cid=244678882|issn=2639-0531|via=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref>