Applied mathematics

===Applicable mathematics===
Sometimes, the term '''applicable mathematics''' is used to distinguish between the traditional applied mathematics that developed alongside physics and the many areas of mathematics that are applicable to real-world problems today, although there is no consensus as to a precise definition.<ref name=OtteEtAl/>

Mathematicians often distinguish between "applied mathematics" on the one hand, and the "applications of mathematics" or "applicable mathematics" both within and outside of science and engineering, on the other.<ref name=OtteEtAl>
[https://books.google.com/books?id=VgLZBAAAQBAJ&q=applicable+mathematics&pg=PA83 Perspectives on Mathematics Education: Papers Submitted by Members of the Bacomet Group, pgs 82-3.] Editors: H. Christiansen, A.G. Howson, M. Otte. Volume 2 of Mathematics Education Library; Springer Science & Business Media, 2012. {{ISBN|9400945043}}, 9789400945043.</ref> Some mathematicians emphasize the term applicable mathematics to separate or delineate the traditional applied areas from new applications arising from fields that were previously seen as pure mathematics.<ref name=rektorys/> For example, from this viewpoint, an ecologist or geographer using population models and applying known mathematics would not be doing applied, but rather applicable, mathematics. Even fields such as number theory that are part of pure mathematics are now important in applications (such as [[cryptography]]), though they are not generally considered to be part of the field of applied mathematics ''per se''. Such descriptions can lead to ''applicable mathematics'' being seen as a collection of mathematical methods such as [[real analysis]], [[linear algebra]], [[mathematical modelling]], [[optimisation]], [[combinatorics]], [[probability]] and [[statistics]], which are useful in areas outside traditional mathematics and not specific to [[mathematical physics]].

Other authors prefer describing ''applicable mathematics'' as a union of "new" mathematical applications with the traditional fields of applied mathematics.<ref name=rektorys>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-sztCAAAQBAJ&q=applicable+mathematics&pg=PR17 Survey of Applicable Mathematics, pg xvii (Foreword). ] K. Rektorys; 2nd edition, illustrated. Springer, 2013. {{ISBN|9401583080}}, 9789401583084.</ref><ref>[https://www.math.ust.hk/~mahsieh/APMATH.htm  THOUGHTS ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS.]</ref><ref>[http://stellamariscollege.org/documents/icaml.pdf  INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICABLE MATHEMATICS (ICAM-2016).] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323142900/http://stellamariscollege.org/documents/icaml.pdf |date=2017-03-23 }} The  Department  of  Mathematics,  Stella  Maris College.</ref> With this outlook, the terms applied mathematics and applicable mathematics are thus interchangeable.