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PreviewAdvancedSpecial charactersHelpHeadingLevel 2Level 3Level 4Level 5FormatInsertLatinLatin extendedIPASymbolsGreekGreek extendedCyrillicArabicArabic extendedHebrewBanglaTamilTeluguSinhalaDevanagariGujaratiThaiLaoKhmerCanadian AboriginalRunesÁáÀàÂâÄäÃãǍǎĀāĂ㥹ÅåĆćĈĉÇçČčĊċĐđĎďÉéÈèÊêËëĚěĒēĔĕĖėĘęĜĝĢģĞğĠġĤĥĦħÍíÌìÎîÏïĨĩǏǐĪīĬĭİıĮįĴĵĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńÑñŅņŇňÓóÒòÔôÖöÕõǑǒŌōŎŏǪǫŐőŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŜŝŞşŠšȘșȚțŤťÚúÙùÛûÜüŨũŮůǓǔŪūǖǘǚǜŬŭŲųŰűŴŵÝýŶŷŸÿȲȳŹźŽžŻżÆæǢǣØøŒœßÐðÞþƏəFormattingLinksHeadingsListsFilesDiscussionReferencesDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getItalic''Italic text''Italic textBold'''Bold text'''Bold textBold & italic'''''Bold & italic text'''''Bold & italic textDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getReferencePage text.<ref>[https://www.example.org/ Link text], additional text.</ref>Page text.[1]Named referencePage text.<ref name="test">[https://www.example.org/ Link text]</ref>Page text.[2]Additional use of the same referencePage text.<ref name="test" />Page text.[2]Display references<references />↑ Link text, additional text.↑ Link text== Legacy == Historian [[Howard Zinn]], who played a role in the Albany movement, contested this{{which|date=June 2022}} interpretation in chapter 4 of his autobiography, ''You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train'' (Beacon Press, 1994; new edition 2002): "That always seemed to me a superficial assessment, a mistake often made in evaluating protest movements. Social movements may have many 'defeats'—failing to achieve objectives in the short run—but in the course of the struggle the strength of the old order begins to erode, the minds of people begin to change; the protesters are momentarily defeated but not crushed, and have been lifted, heartened, by their ability to fight back" (p. 54). Local activism continued even as national attention shifted to other issues. That fall an African American came close to being elected to city council. In March 1963, the city of Albany removed all the citywide segregation ordinances from its books following a 6-1 city commission vote.<ref name=segregationend>{{cite news|url=https://casetext.com/case/anderson-v-city-of-albany|title=Anderson v. City of Albany|author=United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit|publisher=Casetext|date=September 12, 1963|access-date=May 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis |author=Harrison, Alisa|title=Ain't Gonna Let Nobody Turn Me 'Round": The Southwest Georgia Freedom Movement and the Politics of Empowerment |url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/soa/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/831/items/1.0089960|location=University of British Columbia|degree=MA |doi=10.14288/1.0089960|year=2001}}</ref> On September 12, 1963, the Albany Movement scored a major court victory after the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit|United States Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit]] found that the city's Chief of Police and other officials of the city of Albany had still been enforcing the ordinances after they were repealed by the city commission and could no longer continue to do so because the Albany city commission regulated all citywide ordinances.<ref name=segregationend /> According to the movement's SNCC organizer [[Charles Sherrod]], "I can't help how Dr. King might have felt, or ... any of the rest of them in SCLC, NAACP, CORE, any of the groups, but as far as we were concerned, things moved on. We didn't skip one beat." In 1976, he was elected a city commissioner and served in this position until 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/sherrod-charles-1937/|title=Charles Sherrod (1937- )|first=Jimmy|last=Fenison|publisher=BlackPast.org|date=February 26, 2009|accessdate=May 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pbs.org/thisfarbyfaith/witnesses/charles_sherrod.html|title=Witness to Faith: Charles Sherrod|author=This Far By Faith|publisher=PBS|access-date=May 24, 2021}}</ref> King later said about the setbacks of the Albany Movement: <blockquote>The mistake I made there was to protest against segregation generally rather than against a single and distinct facet of it. Our protest was so vague that we got nothing, and the people were left very depressed and in despair. It would have been much better to have concentrated upon integrating the buses or the lunch counters. One victory of this kind would have been symbolic, would have galvanized support and boosted morale.... When we planned our strategy for Birmingham months later, we spent many hours assessing Albany and trying to learn from its errors. Our appraisals not only helped to make our subsequent tactics more effective, but revealed that Albany was far from an unqualified failure.<ref>[http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/publications/autobiography/chp_16.htm The Albany Movement] ~ Autobiography of Martin Luther King, Jr: Chapter 16.</ref> </blockquote> Sherrod had taken on the repressive forces in Southwest Georgia.<ref name=Riches67>Riches, William Terence Martin, ''The Civil Rights Movement: Struggle and Resistance'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, p. 67.</ref> Sherrod had also taken it upon himself to organize a rally with African Americans and students of the Albany State College in Albany, Georgia.<ref name=Riches67 /> He failed in his attempts to bypass the older black leaders of the NAACP and remove the SNCC organizers at the university<ref name=Riches67 /> despite the support he had gained from [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] and [[Ralph Abernathy|Ralph David Abernathy]]. Although the rallies themselves had failed, the Albany Movement provided insight on the media and its relation with white supremacists. The Albany police chief, Laurie Pritchett had reported to the media that he had defeated nonviolent actions with nonviolence and in return the press provided Pritchett with details of what was planned and who the targets were during the Albany Movement, which then caused great distrust among the students and the press.<ref name=Riches68>Riches (2004), p. 68.</ref> Although publicity was needed, the distrust everyone who was involved in the rallies felt towards the media could not go unheard. Journalists and the media were banned from mass meetings and conferences.<ref name=Riches68 /> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. 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