Accra

=== After World War II ===
[[File:Jamestown lighthouse.jpg|thumb|upright|{{center|[[Jamestown Lighthouse]] in [[Jamestown/Usshertown, Accra|Jamestown/Usshertown]]}}]]
In the years following [[World War II]], the neighbourhoods of Ridge and Cantonments were planned as low-density developments for Europeans, while many rural migrants settled in neighbourhoods which had not yet been incorporated into Accra's municipal boundary, such as Nima and surrounding areas.{{cn|date=December 2023}} Thus, the development of these neighbourhoods was unregulated by the government, creating a crowded and jumbled [[shanty-town]] landscape.{{cn|date=December 2023}}

Another area of Accra that took shape at this time was the central business district (CBD). More administrative buildings were built on High Street, forming a massive judicial/administrative complex. Additionally, the expansion of the economy led to many more commercial buildings being built in the CBD.{{cn|date=December 2023}}

In 1944, Accra's city planner Maxwell Fry devised a town plan, which was revised in 1958 by B.D.W. Treavallion and Alan Flood. Although the Fry/Trevallion plan was never followed through, it illustrated the British vision of how Accra should develop.{{cn|date=December 2023}}

In 1948, Ghana remained a colony of Great Britain following World War II. The chief of Osu Alata, Nii Kobina Bonney III, had set up a boycott of European goods across the country due to the rise of prices for essential commodities.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nyadzi |first1=Ralph |title=The Causes and Effects of the 1948 Accra Riots in Ghana |url=https://www.cegastacademy.com/2019/04/22/the-causes-and-effects-of-the-1948-accra-riots-in-ghana/ |website=Cegast Academy |date=22 April 2019 |access-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508095747/https://www.cegastacademy.com/2019/04/22/the-causes-and-effects-of-the-1948-accra-riots-in-ghana/ |archive-date=8 May 2023 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> At the same time veterans of the war were fighting for their benefits and promised pay.<ref>{{cite web |last1=PRAAD |title=The Riots of 28th February 1948 |url=https://praad.gov.gh/index.php/the-riots-of-28th-february-1948/ |website=Public Records and Archives AdministrationDepartment |publisher=Marichael Company Limited |access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> Unarmed ex-servicemen organized a march on Christiansborg Castle, Accra on February 28, 1948. Their plan was to hand a petition to the colonial governor demanding they receive their pay and benefits. Before reaching the castle, the veterans were fired upon, after being ordered by the colonial police chief to disperse. Three of the leaders of the demonstration were killed, including Sergeant Nii Adjetey, who now has a memorial in Accra.{{cn|date=December 2023}} 

==== Fry/Treavallion plan ====
{{Unreferencedsect|date=December 2023}}
In the Fry/Treavallion plan, a reorganization of the CBD was called for, as well as the development of the coastal region of the city. To reorganize the CBD, the planners decided to superimpose a tight street grid north of Fort Ussher.

To the east of this newly organized CBD, the planners hoped to preserve a broad, open space for a restaurant, country club, and [[polo]] and [[cricket]] fields. Additionally, the British planners intended to build large numbers of public squares, fountains, and ornamental pools and statues throughout the city, as well as a vast Parliament Complex in the city centre. Lastly, the Fry/Treavallion plan included plans to make the coastal region an extension of the exclusive European neighbourhood of Victoriaborg, and to create a recreational preserve for the elite. However, the [[1948 Accra riots|British Gold Coast ended]] before the Fry/Treavallion plan was enacted.

==== Nkrumah Plan ====
[[File:Black Star Square and Independence Arch, Accra, Ghana.jpg|thumb|Black star Square]]

When [[Kwame Nkrumah]] became Ghana's first post-independence [[Prime Minister of Ghana|Prime Minister]] in 1957, he created his own plan for Accra's development.<ref>Roman Adrian Cybriwsky, ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 5</ref> Instead of creating spaces to serve the elite, Nkrumah sought to create spaces to inspire pride and nationalism in his people and people throughout Africa.{{cn|date=March 2024}}

Rather than creating ornamental fountains and a large Parliament complex, Nkrumah decided to build landmarks such as Independence Square, the State House, and the Organisation of African Unity building, and to refurbish Christianborg Castle. Nkrumah decided to leave the Atlantic coastal region undeveloped, so as to not detract attention from the Community Centre or Independence Square, lending both spaces symbolic significance.{{cn|date=March 2024}} The Nkrumah plan did not emphasise order nearly as much as the Fry/Treavallion plan did; whereas the British plan strove to lessen crowding in the commercial district and help relieve the overcrowding of neighbourhoods bordering the CBD, the Nkrumah plan allowed for continued compression of commercial establishments into the CBD, as well as increased migration into Jamestown.{{cn|date=March 2024}}

The modern city is centred on the original British, Danish, and Dutch forts and their surrounding communities: [[Jamestown, Ghana|Jamestown]] near the British [[Fort James, Ghana|James Fort]], [[Osu, Accra|Osu]] near the Danish fort of [[Fort Christiansborg|Christiansborg]] (now [[Osu Castle]]), and [[Jamestown/Usshertown, Accra|Ussherstown]] near the Dutch [[Ussher fort]].

Tourist attractions include the National Museum of Ghana, the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences, the National Archives of Ghana and Ghana's central library, the National Theatre, the Accra Centre for National Culture, and the [[Jamestown Lighthouse]].

The [[Parliament of Ghana|Parliament]], [[Supreme Court of Ghana]], [[Black Star Square]] and the [[Bank of Ghana]] are also located in Accra.

The city is also a transportation hub, home to the [[Kotoka International Airport]], and railway links to [[Tema]], [[Sekondi-Takoradi]] and [[Kumasi]]. Accra has become a location for national and international business conferences, such as the BarCamp Ghana series, organised by GhanaThink Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allconferences.com/Regional/Accra/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017232231/http://www.allconferences.com/Regional/Accra/|url-status=dead|title=Accra Conferences|archivedate=17 October 2011}}</ref>
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