2016 Ecuador earthquake

==Casualties==
{| class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="font-size:88%; margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em; width:30%"
|+ Deaths by citizenship
|-
! style="text-align:left;" | Citizenship
! style="text-align:left;" | Deaths
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Ecuador}}
| 651<ref>{{cite web|last1=Menéndez Torres|first1=Teresa|title=Secretaría de Gestión de Riesgos|url=http://www.gestionderiesgos.gob.ec/informes-de-situacion-actual-terremoto-magnitud-7-8/|date=May 18, 2016|work=Gestión de Riesgos|access-date=May 19, 2016|archive-date=June 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604074133/http://www.gestionderiesgos.gob.ec/informes-de-situacion-actual-terremoto-magnitud-7-8/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Colombia}}
| 11<ref>{{cite news|title=Actualización 7:10am #ColombianosEnEcuador: 11 fallecidos, 481 solicitudes de localización (258 ubicados y 223 por ubicar)|url=https://twitter.com/CancilleriaCol/status/722760468763439104|date=April 20, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Canada}}
| 4<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/2-more-canadians-killed-in-ecuador-quake-1.2865682|title=2 more Canadians killed in Ecuador quake|publisher=[[CTV News]]|date=April 19, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Cuba}}
| 3<ref name="Reuters18"/>
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Dominican Republic}}
| 1<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-36098633|title=Ecuador quake: Millionaires to be taxed more to pay for relief|work=BBC News|date=April 21, 2016|access-date=April 21, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|Italy}}
| 1<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thelocal.it/20160419/italian-businessman-among-413-dead-in-ecuador-earthquake|title=Italian businessman among 525 dead in Ecuador quake|work=[[The Local]]|date=April 19, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|United Kingdom}}
| 1<ref name="Reuters18"/><ref>{{cite news|first1=Gerry|last1=Moriarty|first2=George|last2=Jackson|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/tributes-to-irish-nun-killed-in-ecuador-earthquake-1.2614594|title=Tributes to Irish nun killed in Ecuador earthquake|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]|date=April 18, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | {{Flagu|United States}}
| 1<ref name="Reuters18">{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-ecuador-quake-idUKKCN0XE007|title=Ecuador quake toll climbs over 400, damage put at billions of dollars|work=[[Reuters]]|date=April 18, 2016}}</ref>
|- class="sortbottom"
| '''Total'''
| '''676'''
|}

At least 676&nbsp;people were killed and more than 16,600 others were injured in the earthquake.<ref name="Reuters UK"/><ref name="CNN_Update18" /> It was the worst [[natural disaster]] to hit Ecuador since the [[1949 Ambato earthquake]].<ref name="Chicago Tribune">{{cite web|title=Ecuador quake death toll of 350 expected to rise 'in a considerable way'|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-ecudaor-earthquake-20160418-story.html|website=Chicago Tribune|date=April 18, 2016 |access-date=April 18, 2016}}</ref> Over 300&nbsp;fatalities occurred in the cities of [[Manta, Ecuador|Manta]] and [[Portoviejo]], both of which are located in Manabí Province.<ref name="EU_1"/> President [[Rafael Correa]] stated that the reconstruction would cost "billions of dollars."<ref name="Reuters UK"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ecuador-quake-idUSKCN0XE009|title=Ecuador quake toll rises to 413; rebuilding to cost billions|date=April 18, 2016
|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=April 18, 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Figure_QLARM1.jpg|thumb|left|400px|alt=Fatalities reported by media with time|Fatalities table]]
The number of fatalities was estimated as several hundred within thirty minutes of the earthquake.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icesfoundation.org/Pages/QlarmEventList.aspx|title=Near Real-Time Earthquake Loss Estimates|website=www.icesfoundation.org|access-date=April 29, 2016}}</ref> However, the media reported the number of fatalities as significantly lower than what actually happened and than what was estimated within thirty minutes as the figure of reported fatalities with time shows.
The number of injuries reported by media also remained below the ultimate count and below the correct estimate within 30 minutes by QLARM as seen in the next figure.
[[File:QLARM_2.jpg|thumb|left|400px|alt=Numbers of injured reported by media with time|Injures table]]
By April 24, the fatality count had reached 654, and 8,340 had been reported as injured.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.icesfoundation.org/Pages/CustomPage.aspx?ID=152|title=Ecuador Quake 2016|website=www.icesfoundation.org|access-date=May 8, 2016}}</ref>
Estimates of fatalities are based on calculations of the damage to the built environment using the program QLARM.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.icesfoundation.org/Pages/CustomPage.aspx?ID=122|title=QLARM summary|last=Wyss|first=Max|date=January 1, 2016|website=ICES Foundation|access-date=May 7, 2016}}</ref> Within minutes of an earthquake only its epicenter is known, not the extent of its rupture. The USGS shake map for this event shown on this page depicts the extent of the rupture area as a rectangle. With the length of the rupture as outlined by the aftershocks, a map of the likely mean damage by the settlement can be calculated. This map takes into account what intensities have been reported to the USGS for this earthquake. The numbers of fatalities and injured calculated theoretically, based on the damage map shown here, agrees well with the reported numbers.<ref name="auto" />

The extent of the rupture can sometimes be known from aftershocks during the few hours following the main shock. In that case, maps of the intensity of shaking expected in each settlement may be calculated as in the figure below at the left for the 2016 Ecuador earthquake. Based on this [[ground motion]], the mean damage expected in each settlement s then calculated. These maps allow first responders to target heavily damaged area.
[[File:Ecuador_Fig3_map_intensity_M78_Z20_C3_line.jpg|thumb|left|420px|alt=Intensity by settlements|Map of Ecuador zone]]
[[File:Map_damage_M78_Z20_C3_line_V1.jpg|thumb|right|420px|alt=Intensity by settlements|Map of Ecuador zone]]
Large cities tend to have buildings more resistant to shaking than villages, therefore the damage is less for city dwellers than for villagers, on average.

In [[Colombia]], near the city of [[Cali]], one [[miner]] died as a result of the earthquake, becoming the only reported death outside of Ecuador.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ecuador-quake-idUSKCN0XE009|title=Minero muere atrapado en Colombia por terremoto que sacudió Ecuador|date=April 19, 2016|newspaper=Ecuavisa|access-date=April 22, 2016}}</ref>
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