Vienna Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! == Culture == === Music, theater, and opera === {{See also|Music of Vienna|Music of Austria}} [[File:Vienna - Johann Strauss Monument in Stadt Park - 4572.jpg|thumb|Monument of [[Johann Strauss II]] at [[Stadtpark, Vienna]]]] Famous composers including [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]], [[Joseph Haydn]], [[Ludwig van Beethoven]], [[Franz Schubert]], [[Johannes Brahms]], [[Gustav Mahler]], [[Robert Stolz]], and [[Arnold Schoenberg]] have worked in Vienna. [[File:Burgtheater, Viena, Austria, 2020-01-31, DD 36.jpg|thumb|The Burgtheater on the Ring]] Art and culture had a long tradition in Vienna, including theater, opera, classical music and fine arts. The [[Burgtheater]] is considered one of the best theaters in the German-speaking world alongside its branch, the [[Akademietheater]]. The [[Volkstheater, Vienna|Volkstheater Wien]] and the [[Theater in der Josefstadt]] also enjoy good reputations. There is also a multitude of smaller theaters, in many cases devoted to less mainstream forms of the performing arts, such as modern, experimental plays or [[cabaret]]. Vienna is also home to a number of opera houses, including the [[Theater an der Wien]], the [[Vienna State Opera|Staatsoper]] and the [[Vienna Volksoper|Volksoper]], the latter being devoted to the typical Viennese [[operetta]]. Classical concerts are performed at venues such as the [[Musikverein|Wiener Musikverein]], home of the [[Vienna Philharmonic]] Orchestra known across the world for the annual widely broadcast "[[Vienna New Year's Concert|New Year's Day Concert]]", as well as the [[Konzerthaus, Vienna|Wiener Konzerthaus]], home of the internationally renowned [[Vienna Symphony]]. Many concert venues offer concerts aimed at tourists, featuring popular highlights of Viennese music, particularly the works of [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]], [[Johann Strauss I]], and [[Johann Strauss II]]. Up until 2005, the Theater an der Wien hosted premieres of musicals, but since 2006 (a year dedicated to the 250th anniversary of Mozart's birth), has devoted itself to opera again, becoming a stagione opera house offering one new production each month. Since 2012, Theater an der Wien has taken over the Wiener Kammeroper, a historical small theater in the first district of Vienna seating 300 spectators, turning it into its second venue for smaller sized productions and chamber operas created by the young ensemble of Theater an der Wien (JET). Before 2005 the most successful musical was ''[[Elisabeth (musical)|Elisabeth]]'', which was later translated into several languages and performed all over the world. The [[Wiener Taschenoper]] is dedicated to stage music of the 20th and 21st century. The [[Haus der Musik]] ("house of music") opened in the year 2000. The [[Wienerlied]] is a unique song genre from Vienna. There are approximately 60,000 – 70,000 Wienerlieder.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wvlw.at/ |title=Wiener Volksliederwerk, ''Zum Wienerlied'' |publisher=Wvlw.at |access-date=19 May 2012 |archive-date=5 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405231214/http://www.wvlw.at/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Multiple popular songs have been written about Vienna, such as [[Vienna (Billy Joel song)|''Vienna'' (1977)]] by [[Billy Joel]], [[Vienna (Ultravox song)|''Vienna'' (1981)]] by [[Ultravox]], and ''[[Vienna Calling]]'' by [[Falco (musician)|Falco]]. The [[Vienna's English Theatre]] (VET) is an English theater in Vienna. It was founded in 1963 and is located in the 8th Vienna's district. It is the oldest English-language theater in continental Europe. === Musicians from Vienna === [[File:Wien - Mozartdenkmal (1).JPG|thumb|The [[Mozart Monument, Vienna|Mozart Monument]] in the Burggarten]] Notable musicians born in Vienna include [[Louie Austen]], [[Alban Berg]], [[Falco (musician)|Falco]], [[Fritz Kreisler]], [[Joseph Lanner]], [[Arnold Schoenberg|Arnold Schönberg]], [[Franz Schubert]], [[Johann Strauss I]], [[Johann Strauss II]], [[Anton Webern]], and [[Joe Zawinul]]. Famous musicians who moved to Vienna to work were [[Kurt Adler]], [[Johann Joseph Fux]], [[Joseph Haydn]], [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]], [[Ludwig van Beethoven]], [[Ferdinand Ries]], [[Johann Sedlatzek]], [[Antonio Salieri]], [[Carl Czerny]], [[Johann Nepomuk Hummel]], [[Franz Liszt]], [[Franz von Suppé]], [[Anton Bruckner]], [[Johannes Brahms]], [[Gustav Mahler]] and [[Rainhard Fendrich]]. === Cinema === [[File:Burg Kino Vienna.jpg|thumb|The entrance to the Burg Kino on the Ring. ]] Films set in Vienna include [[Amadeus (film)|''Amadeus'']], ''[[Before Sunrise]]'', ''[[The Third Man]]'', ''[[The Living Daylights]]'' and ''[[Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation]].'' Notable actors born in Vienna include [[Hedy Lamarr]], [[Christoph Waltz]], [[John Banner]], [[Christiane Hörbiger]], [[Eric Pohlmann]], [[Boris Kodjoe]], [[Christine Buchegger]], [[Mischa Hausserman]], [[Senta Berger]] and [[Christine Ostermayer]]. Vienna has many cinemas, such as the ''Apollo Kino'' and ''[[Cineplexx Cinemas|Cineplexx Donauzentrum]]'', as well as many English-language cinemas, including the ''Haydn Kino'', ''Artis International'' and the ''Burg Kino''. The ''Burg Kino'' is known for showing ''The Third Man'', which is set in Vienna, three times a week. === Notable writers from Vienna === Notable writers from Vienna include [[Karl Leopold von Möller]], [[Carl Julius Haidvogel]], and [[Stefan Zweig]]. Writers who lived and worked in Vienna include [[Franz Kafka]], [[Arthur Schnitzler]], [[Elias Canetti]], [[Ingeborg Bachmann]], [[Robert Musil]], [[Karl Kraus (writer)|Karl Kraus]], [[Ernst von Feuchtersleben]], [[Thomas Bernhard]] and [[Elfriede Jelinek]]. === Museums === [[File:Vienna - View of Maria Theresien-Platz and the Kunsthistorisches Museum - 6291.jpg|thumb|Kunsthistorisches Museum on Maria-Theresien-Platz]] The majority of museums in Vienna are located in an area on the border of Innere Stadt and Neubau in the center of the city, from the museums inside the Hofburg to the Museumsquartier, with the twin Naturhistorisches and Kunsthistorisches Museum in between. The [[Hofburg Palace|Hofburg]] is the location of the [[Imperial Treasury, Vienna|Imperial Treasury]] (''Schatzkammer''), which holds imperial jewels of the Habsburg dynasty. The Sisi Museum (a museum devoted to [[Empress Elisabeth of Austria]]) allows visitors to view the imperial apartments as well as the silver cabinet. The [[Weltmuseum Wien]], an anthropological museum, houses many ethnographic objects from Africa, America, Asia and Oceania. The [[Kunsthistorisches Museum]] and the [[Naturhistorisches Museum]] are two identical buildings which were built in the late 19th century on behalf of [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|Emperor Franz Joseph I]]. The former features paintings from artists such as [[Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio|Caravaggio]], [[Albrecht Dürer]], [[Raphael]], [[Rembrandt]], [[Titian]] and [[Johannes Vermeer|Vermeer]]. The latter has got 30 million objects in its collection, of which 100,000 are on display. A notable exhibit is the [[Venus of Willendorf]], a 25,000 year old statue found in Austria. [[File:Museumsquartier courtyard.jpg|thumb|The courtyard of the Museumsquartier]] Many museums are located in the [[MuseumsQuartier]] (museum quarter), the former Imperial Stalls which were converted into a museum complex in the 1990s. It houses the Museum of Modern Art, commonly known as the [[MUMOK]], the [[Leopold Museum]], which featuers many paintingsby [[Egon Schiele]], as well as works of the [[Vienna Secession]], Viennese Modernism and Austrian Expressionism) and the [[Architekturzentrum Wien]] (museum of architecture). There are a multitude of other museums in Vienna, including the [[Albertina, Vienna|Albertina]], the [[Heeresgeschichtliches Museum|Museum of Military History]], the [[Technisches Museum Wien|Technical Museum]], the [[Museum of Art Fakes]], the [[KunstHausWien]], [[Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna|Museum of Applied Arts]], the [[Sigmund Freud Museum (Vienna)|Sigmund Freud Museum]], and the [[Mozarthaus Vienna]]. The [[Vienna Museum]] showcases the history of Vienna. The [[Jewish Museum Vienna]] was founded 1896 and is the oldest of its kind. The Liechtenstein Palace contains much of one of the world's [[Liechtenstein Museum|largest private art collections]], especially strong in the [[Baroque]]. The [[Belvedere (palace)|Belvedere]], built under [[Prince Eugene of Savoy|Prince Eugene]], has [[Österreichische Galerie Belvedere|a gallery]] containing paintings by [[Gustav Klimt]], [[Egon Schiele]], and sculptures by [[Franz Xaver Messerschmidt]]. === Architecture === [[File:Otto Wagner Pavillon - Karlsplatz.jpg|thumb|The Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station in Art Nouveau style]] A variety of architectural styles have been preserved in Vienna, including [[Romanesque architecture]] and [[Baroque architecture]]. [[Art Nouveau]] has left many architectural traces in Vienna. The [[Secession Building, Vienna|Secession building]], [[Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station]], and the [[Kirche am Steinhof]] by [[Otto Wagner]] rank among the best known examples of Art Nouveau in the world. The [[Wiener Moderne]] shunned the use of extraneous adornment. The architect [[Adolf Loos]] is responsible for the [[Looshaus]] (1909), the Kärntner Bar (1908), and the [[Steiner House]] (1910). The [[Hundertwasserhaus]] by [[Friedensreich Hundertwasser]], designed to counter the clinical look of modern architecture, is one of Vienna's most popular [[tourist attraction]]s. [[File:Gasometer wien.jpg|thumb|Gasometer in Simmering]] In the 1990s a number of quarters were adapted and extensive building projects were implemented in the areas around [[Donaustadt]] and [[Wienerberg]]. Vienna has seen numerous architecture projects completed which combine modern architectural elements with old buildings, such as the remodeling and revitalization of the old [[Gasometer, Vienna|Gasometer]] in 2001. The [[DC Towers]] are located on the Northern bank of the Danube and were completed in 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skyscraperpicture.com/vienna.htm |title=Vienna's 10 tallest skyscrapers |publisher=Skyscraperpicture.com |date=13 May 2008 |access-date=13 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130015638/http://skyscraperpicture.com/vienna.htm |archive-date=30 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=millenniumtower-vienna-austria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217064200/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=millenniumtower-vienna-austria |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 February 2007 |title=Millennium Tower | Buildings |location=Vienna / |publisher=Emporis |access-date=19 May 2012}}</ref> === Ball dances === The first [[Ball (dance event)|balls]] in Vienna were held in the 18th century. The ball season runs during [[Carnival]] from 11 November to [[Shrove Tuesday]]. Many balls are held in the [[Hofburg]], [[Vienna City Hall|Rathaus]] and [[Musikverein]]. Guests adhere to a strict dress code, men wear [[Black tie|black]] or [[white tie]] while women wear a [[ball gown]]. Debutants of the ball wear white.<ref name="Vienna Tourist Board">{{cite web |url=http://b2b.wien.info/media/files-b2b/artikel-db-baelle-en.doc |title=Balls in Vienna |author=Vienna Tourist Board |access-date=21 August 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906093826/http://b2b.wien.info/media/files-b2b/artikel-db-baelle-en.doc |archive-date=6 September 2015}}</ref> The balls are opened with dances, traditionally including a Viennese waltz, at around 22:00, and closed at aboout 05:00 the next morning. Food served at the balls include sausages with bread or [[Goulash|Gulaschsoups]]. Notable Viennese balls include the [[Vienna Opera Ball]], the [[Vienna Ball of Sciences]], the Wiener Akademikerball and the Hofburg SIlvesterball. The Wiener Akademikerball in the Hofburg has attracted lots of controversy for being a gathering for [[Far-right politics|far-right]] politicians and groups. The ball is hosted by the [[Freedom Party of Austria|FPÖ]], the right-wing populist party of Austria and has attracted multiple right wing and far-right personalities, such as [[Martin Sellner]] and [[Marine Le Pen|Marie Le Pen]]. Since 2008, there have been annual demonstrations by various organizations against the ball. Former leader of the FPÖ [[Heinz-Christian Strache]] compared the [[Anti-fascism|anti-fascist]] protesters to a [[Nazism|Nazi]] mob, claiming the ball goers were "new [[The Holocaust|Jews]]".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shields |first=Michael |date=6 February 2012 |title=Austria far right leader hurt by "new Jews" comment |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE8150UF/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Shields |first=Michael |date=24 January 2014 |title=Protesters arrested at right-wing party's Vienna ball |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/vienna-ball-right/protesters-arrested-at-right-wing-partys-vienna-ball-idUKL5N0KY3E820140124/}}</ref> === Language === Vienna is part of the [[Austro-Bavarian]] language area, in particular [[Central Bavarian]] (''Mittelbairisch'').<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wiesinger |first1=Peter |title=Strukturelle historische Dialektologie des Deutschen |date=2017 |publisher=Georg Olms Verlag |isbn=9783487421995 |page=50 }}</ref> The Viennese dialect takes many loanword from languages of the former Habsburg Monarchy, especially Czech. The dialect differs from the west of Austria in its pronunciation and grammar. Features typical of Viennese German include [[Monophthongization]], the transformation of a [[Diphthongs|diphthong]] into a [[Monophthong|monophtong]] (German ''heiß'' (hot) into Viennese ''haas'') and the lengthening of vowels (''Heeaasd, i bin do ned bleeed, wooos waaasn ii, wea des woooa'' (Standard German ''Hörst du, ich bin doch nicht blöd, was weiß denn ich, wer das war''): "Listen, I'm not stupid; what do I know, who it was?"). Speakers of the dialect tend to avoid the [[Genitive case|genetiv case]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Phonetics and Phonology of the Viennese Dialect |url=https://www.oeaw.ac.at/isf/forschung/projekte/phonetik/abgeschlossene-projekte/phonetics-and-phonology-of-the-viennese-dialect |access-date=2024-04-05 |website=www.oeaw.ac.at}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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