Quebec

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
{{Main|List of airports in Quebec|List of Quebec railways|List of Quebec provincial highways}}
[[File:Cmarcoux3.JPG|thumb|The ferry N.M. ''Camille-Marcoux'', of the ''Société des traversiers du Québec'']]

Development and security of land transportation in Canada are provided by [[Transports Québec]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Ministère des Transports du Québec (MTQ)|title=MISSION, RÔLE ET MANDAT|url=http://www.femmescentreduquebec.qc.ca/cd/mtq.pdf|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326161857/http://www.femmescentreduquebec.qc.ca/cd/mtq.pdf|archivedate=March 26, 2012|accessdate=July 6, 2011}}</ref> Other organizations, such as the [[Canadian Coast Guard]] and [[Nav Canada]], provide the same service for the sea and air transportation. The ''Commission des transports du Québec'' works with the freight carriers and the public transport.

The ''réseau routier québécois'' (Quebec road network) is managed by the [[Société de l'assurance automobile du Québec]] (SAAQ; Quebec Automobile Insurance Corporation) and consists of about {{convert|185000|km|abbr=on}} of highways and national, regional, local, collector and forest roads. In addition, Quebec has almost 12,000 bridges, tunnels, retaining walls, culverts and other structures<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Ministère des Transports du Québec|year=2007|title=Quebec road network|url=http://www.mtq.gouv.qc.ca/portal/page/portal/grand_public/vehicules_promenade/reseau_routier|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113234955/http://www.mtq.gouv.qc.ca/portal/page/portal/grand_public/vehicules_promenade/reseau_routier|archivedate=November 13, 2008|accessdate=August 16, 2007}}</ref> such as the [[Quebec Bridge]], the [[Laviolette Bridge]] and the [[Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Bridge–Tunnel]].

In the waters of the Saint Lawrence there are eight deep-water ports for the transhipment of goods. In 2003, 3886 cargo and 9.7&nbsp;million tonnes of goods transited the Quebec portion of the [[Saint Lawrence Seaway]].<ref name="transport-qc2">{{cite web|year=2007|title=Quebec Portal: Transport|url=http://www.gouv.qc.ca/portail/quebec/pgs/commun/portrait?lang=fr&id=pgs.portrait.economie.transport&location=pgs%2Fportrait%2Feconomie%2Ftransport#transferroviaires|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012205101/http://gouv.qc.ca/portail/quebec/pgs/commun/portrait?lang=fr&id=pgs.portrait.economie.transport&location=pgs%2Fportrait%2Feconomie%2Ftransport#transferroviaires|archivedate=October 12, 2007|accessdate=August 16, 2007|publisher=Government of Quebec}}</ref>

Concerning rail transport, Quebec has {{convert|6678|km|abbr=on}} of railways<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Institut de la statistique du Québec|year=2007|title=Le Québec, chiffres en main: Transport|url=http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/publications/referenc/qcem/qcem_eco_tra.htm|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012210055/http://stat.gouv.qc.ca/publications/referenc/qcem/qcem_eco_tra.htm|archivedate=October 12, 2007|accessdate=August 16, 2007}}</ref> integrated in the large North American network. Although primarily intended for the transport of goods through companies such as the [[Canadian National]] (CN) and the [[Canadian Pacific]] (CP), the Quebec railway network is also used by inter-city passengers via [[Via Rail Canada]] and [[Amtrak]]. In April 2012, plans were unveiled for the construction of an {{convert|800|km|0|abbr=on}} railway running north from [[Sept-Îles, Quebec|Sept-Îles]], to support mining and other resource extraction in the Labrador Trough.<ref>{{cite news|title=Railway Gazette: Railway could tap Québec's northern wealth|work=[[Railway Gazette International]]|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/railway-could-tap-quebecs-northern-wealth.html|accessdate=April 23, 2012|archive-date=August 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807002205/https://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/railway-could-tap-quebecs-northern-wealth.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Quebec's air network includes 43 airports that offer scheduled services on a daily basis.<ref name="transport-qc2" /> In addition, the Government of Quebec owns airports and heliports to increase the accessibility of local services to communities in the [[Basse-Côte-Nord]] and northern regions.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Ministère des Transports du Québec|title=Quebec air transport|url=http://www.mtq.gouv.qc.ca/portal/page/portal/entreprises/transport_aerien|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815150809/http://www.mtq.gouv.qc.ca/portal/page/portal/entreprises/transport_aerien|archivedate=August 15, 2011|accessdate=December 10, 2009}}</ref>

Various other transport networks crisscross the province of Quebec, including hiking trails, snowmobile trails and bike paths. The [[Route Verte|Green Road]] is the largest at nearly {{convert|4000|km|abbr=on}} in length.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Route verte puts all of Quebec within reach of your handlebars!|url=http://www.routeverte.com/rv/index2010_e.php|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715205401/http://www.routeverte.com/rv/index2010_e.php|archivedate=July 15, 2011|accessdate=July 6, 2011|publisher=Government of Quebec}}</ref>

===Healthcare===
Quebec has a health policy that emphasizes prevention, is based on the analysis of health-related data, and evolves with the needs of the population. Similar to other developed economies, the public health policies implemented in Quebec have extended the life expectancy of its population since the mid-20th century.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/publications/demograp/pdf2006/Bilan2006.pdf|title= La situation démographique au Québec|work= Bilan 2006|publisher= Institut de la statistique du Québec|isbn= 2-550-48491-6|page= 53|access-date= April 29, 2021|archive-date= July 5, 2007|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070705142621/http://www.stat.gouv.qc.ca/publications/demograp/pdf2006/Bilan2006.pdf|url-status= dead}}</ref>

Health and social services are part of the same administration. The Quebec health system is also public, which means that the [[État québécois|government]] acts as the main insurer and administrator, that funding is provided by general taxation, and that patients have access to care regardless of their income level.

There are 34 health establishments in Quebec, 22 of which are an {{ill|Integrated Health and Social Services Centre|fr|Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux}} (CISSS). They ensure the distribution of different services on the territories they are assigned to. Quebec has approximately 140 hospitals for general or specialised care (CHSGS). Quebec also has other types of establishments in its healthcare system, such as ''Centre local de services communautaires'' (CLSC), ''Centre d'hébergement et de soins de longue durée'' (CHSLD), ''Centre de réadaptation'' and ''Centre de protection de l'enfance et de la jeunesse''. Finally, there are private healthcare establishments (paid for directly by the patient) like {{ill|Groupe de médecine de famille|fr|Groupes de médecine de famille}}, pharmacies, private clinics, dentists, community organisations and retirement homes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://publications.msss.gouv.qc.ca/acrobat/f/documentation/2007/07-731-01F.pdf|title=Le système de santé et de services sociaux au Québec|publisher=Ministère de la santé et des services sociaux|access-date=April 29, 2021|archive-date=January 17, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117205442/http://publications.msss.gouv.qc.ca/acrobat/f/documentation/2007/07-731-01F.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A 2021 Ipsos poll found that 85% of Quebecers agree that their health care system is too bureaucratic to respond to the needs of the population<ref>{{Cite web|last=QMI|first=Agence|title=Les québécois en faveur d'une implication du privé dans le secteur de la Santé|url=https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2021/12/01/les-quebecois-en-faveur-dune-implication-du-prive-dans-le-secteur-de-la-sante|access-date=December 3, 2021|website=Le Journal de Montréal}}</ref> and in 2023 found that less than half of Quebecers are satisfied with the provincial health care system.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Healthcare in Canada 2023 {{!}} Montreal Economic Institute |url=https://www.iedm.org/healthcare-in-canada-2023/ |access-date=2023-05-01 |website=www.iedm.org |language=en-US}}</ref>

===Housing===
{{Main|Housing crisis in Quebec}}
In 2021, 59.9% of Quebec's residents were property owners.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taux de propriété |url=https://www.quebechabitation.ca/actualites/le-taux-de-propriete-est-en-baisse-au-quebec-pour-la-toute-premiere-fois/ |website=Québec habitation |access-date=21 June 2023 |language=fr-CA |date=22 September 2022}}</ref> In 2019, among property owners, 34% were couples with kids, 33% were couples without children, 22% lived alone, 8% were single parents, and 3% were something else. Among renters, 16% were couples with kids, 13% were couples without children, 51% lived alone, 13% were single parents, and 7% were something else.<ref name="habitation"/>

Since the 1980s, the average price of a single-family home has doubled every 10 years, going from $48,715 in 1980 to $424,844 in 2021. Since the average salary did not follow these increases, Quebec homes are 10 times more expensive then they were 40 years ago.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cyr |first1=Guillaume |title=Les propriétés sont presque 10 fois plus chères qu’en 1980, mais les revenus ne suivent pas |url=https://www.24heures.ca/2022/03/10/les-proprietes-sont-presque-10-fois-plus-cheres-quen-1980 |website=24 heures |access-date=21 June 2023 |language=fr |date=10 March 2022}}</ref> In 2022, the cities with the most severe housing shortages were [[Granby, Quebec|Granby]], with a vacancy rate of 0,1%, followed by [[Marieville]] (0,1%), [[Rimouski]] (0,2%), [[Drummondville]] (0,2%) and [[Rouyn-Noranda]] (0,3%).<ref>{{cite web |last1=ICI.Radio-Canada.ca |first1=Zone Société- |title=Crise du logement au Québec : " On a perdu le contrôle " |url=https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1888093/crise-loyers-abordables-regions-inoccupation |website=Radio-Canada.ca |access-date=21 June 2023 |language=fr-ca}}</ref>