Protestantism

===Methodism===
{{Main|Methodism}}
[[Methodism]] identifies principally with the [[Wesleyanism|theology]] of [[John Wesley]]—an [[Anglican]] priest and evangelist. This evangelical movement originated as a [[Christian revival|revival]] within the 18th-century [[Church of England]] and became a separate Church following Wesley's death. Because of vigorous missionary activity, the movement spread throughout the [[British Empire]], the United States, and beyond, today claiming approximately 80&nbsp;million adherents worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Member Churches|url=http://worldmethodistcouncil.org/about/member-churches/|publisher=World Methodist Council|access-date=17 June 2013|archive-date=3 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303123750/http://worldmethodistcouncil.org/about/member-churches/|url-status=live}}</ref> Originally it appealed especially to laborers and slaves.

[[Soteriology|Soteriologically]], most Methodists are [[Arminian]], emphasizing that Christ accomplished salvation for every human being, and that humans must exercise an act of the will to receive it (as opposed to the traditional Calvinist doctrine of [[monergism]]). Methodism is traditionally [[low church]] in liturgy, although this varies greatly between individual congregations; the Wesleys themselves greatly valued the Anglican liturgy and tradition. Methodism is known for its rich musical tradition; John Wesley's brother, [[Charles Wesley|Charles]], was instrumental in writing much of the [[hymnody]] of the Methodist Church,<ref name="Methodist Hymnbody">{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qScPAAAAIAAJ|title = A Collection of Hymns, for the use of the people called Methodists|publisher = T. Blanshard|year = 1820|access-date = 27 June 2015|archive-date = 23 May 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200523003032/https://books.google.com/books?id=qScPAAAAIAAJ|url-status = live}}</ref> and many other eminent hymn writers come from the Methodist tradition.
<gallery>
File:John Wesley by George Romney crop.jpg|[[John Wesley]], the primary founder of [[Methodism]]
File:Methodistcommunion3.jpg|A [[United Methodist Church|United Methodist]] elder celebrating the [[Eucharist]]
File:Methodist Central Hall.JPG|[[Methodist Central Hall, Westminster|Methodist Central Hall]] in [[Westminster]], London
File:Free Methodist Hymnal, ca 1908.jpg|A [[hymnal]] of the [[Free Methodist Church]], a Methodist denomination aligned with the [[holiness movement]]
File:Armee-du-salut.jpg|A night shelter of [[The Salvation Army]] in [[Geneva]], Switzerland
</gallery>
The Holiness movement refers to a set of practices surrounding the doctrine of Christian perfection that emerged within 19th-century Methodism, along with a number of evangelical denominations and [[parachurch organization]]s (such as [[camp meeting]]s).<ref name="Winn"/> There are an estimated 12&nbsp;million adherents in denominations aligned with the Wesleyan-holiness movement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oikoumene.org/en/church-families/holiness-churches|title=Holiness churches|website=oikoumene.org|access-date=31 May 2015|archive-date=25 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225232719/https://www.oikoumene.org/en/church-families/holiness-churches/|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Free Methodist Church]], the [[Salvation Army]] and the [[Wesleyan Church|Wesleyan Methodist Church]] are notable examples, while other adherents of the Holiness Movement remained within mainline Methodism, e.g. the [[United Methodist Church]].<ref name="Winn">{{cite book |last1=Winn |first1=Christian T. Collins |title=From the Margins: A Celebration of the Theological Work of Donald W. Dayton |date=2007 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1630878320 |page=115 |language=en|quote=In addition to these separate denominational groupings, one needs to give attention to the large pockets of the Holiness movement that have remained within the United Methodist Church. The most influential of these would be the circles dominated by Asbury College and Asbury Theological Seminary (both in Wilmore, KY), but one could speak of other colleges, innumerable local campmeetings, the vestiges of various local Holiness associations, independent Holiness oriented missionary societies and the like that have had great impact within United Methodism. A similar pattern would exist in England with the role of Cliff College within Methodism in that context.}}</ref>