Pittsburgh

===Music===
Pittsburgh has a long tradition of [[jazz]], [[blues]], and [[bluegrass music]]. The [[National Negro Opera Company]] was founded in the city as the first all African-American opera company in the United States. This led to the prominence of African-American singers like [[Leontyne Price]] in the world of opera. One of the greatest American musicians and composers of the 20th century, [[Billy Strayhorn]], grew up and was educated in Pittsburgh, as was pianist/composer-arranger [[Mary Lou Williams]], who composed and recorded an eponymous tribute to her home town in 1966,<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/image/38546304/?clipping_id=142930856 "The Wax Works: Mary Lou Williams Pens Song About Pittsburgh"]. ''The Pittsburgh Courier''. October 22, 1966. p.&nbsp;13. Retrieved March 8, 2024.</ref> featuring vocalist [[Leon Thomas]].<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/release/3047883-Mary-Lou-Williams-And-Group-Pittsburgh "Mary Lou Williams and Group – Pittsburgh: Tracklist; Credits"]. [[Discogs]].</ref>

Pittsburgh's [[Wiz Khalifa]] is a recent artist to have a number one record. His anthem "[[Black and Yellow]]" (a tribute to Pittsburgh's official colors) reached number one on Billboard's "Hot 100"<ref>[http://rapradar.com/2011/02/10/wiz-khalifa-black-yellow-hits-number-one/ Wiz Khalifa "Black & Yellow" Hits Number One]. Rap Radar (February 10, 2011). Retrieved on January 14, 2012.</ref> for the Week of February 19, 2011.<ref>[https://www.billboard.com/#/charts/hot-100 We Found Love Rihanna Featuring Calvin Harris]. Billboard.com</ref> [[Perry Como]] and [[Christina Aguilera]] are from Pittsburgh suburbs. The city is also where the band [[Rusted Root]] was formed.  Liz Berlin of Rusted Root owns Mr. Smalls, a popular music venue for touring national acts in Pittsburgh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pghartplaces.org/accounts/view/MrSmalls |title=Mr. Smalls|access-date=November 13, 2019|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806073139/http://www.pghartplaces.org/accounts/view/MrSmalls|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hip hop artist [[Mac Miller]] was also a Pittsburgh native, with his debut album ''[[Blue Slide Park]]'' named after the local [[Frick Park]].

Many [[punk rock]] and [[Hardcore punk]] acts, such as [[Aus Rotten]] and [[Anti-Flag]], originated in Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh has also seen many metal bands gain prominence in recent years,{{when|date=March 2019}} most notably [[Code Orange (band)|Code Orange]], who were nominated for a Grammy. The city was also home to the highly influential [[math rock]] band [[Don Caballero]].

Pittsburgh has emerged as a leading city in the United States' [[heavy metal music]] scene. Ranking as the third 'most metal city' in a study conducted by MetalSucks,<ref name="MetalSucks-2016">{{cite web |date=June 16, 2016 |title=Here's An Infographic of the Most Metal Cities in America |url=https://www.metalsucks.net/2016/06/16/heres-infographic-metal-cities-america/|access-date=September 29, 2021 |website=MetalSucks |language=en}}</ref> Pittsburgh has earned a reputation for its heavy metal community. Pittsburgh is home to over six-hundred heavy metal bands,<ref name="MetalSucks-2016" /> as well as heavy metal coffee shops<ref>{{cite web |last=Locklin |first=Kristy |date=July 9, 2019 |title=Black Forge Coffee House opening McKees Rocks location next week |url=https://nextpittsburgh.com/eatdrink/black-forge-coffee-house-opening-mckees-rocks-location-next-week/|access-date=September 29, 2021 |website=NEXTpittsburgh |language=en-US}}</ref> and bars. The city is noted for its [[doom metal]], [[metalcore]], and [[death metal]] scenes.

Throughout the 1990s there was an [[electronic music]] [[subculture]] in Pittsburgh which likely traced its origins to similar Internet [[chat room|chatroom]]-based movements in [[Detroit]], [[Cleveland]], [[Minneapolis]], and across the United States.<ref name="matos">{{cite web |last1=Matos |first1=Michaelangelo |title=How The Internet Transformed The American Rave Scene |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2011/07/17/137680680/how-the-internet-transformed-the-american-rave-scene |website=The Record |publisher=NPR |access-date=March 10, 2021 |date=July 11, 2011}}</ref><ref name="kelly">{{cite web |last1=Kelly |first1=Justin |title=Hot Mass: Rebuilding Pittsburgh's Dance Music Culture |url=https://www.attackmagazine.com/features/long-read/hot-mass-rebuilding-pittsburghs-dance-music-culture/ |work=Attack Magazine |access-date=March 10, 2021 |date=2018}}</ref><ref name="pro">{{cite news |last1=Pro |first1=Johnna A. |title=Police out to crash drug-laced 'rave' parties |url=https://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/20000926ecstasy3.asp |access-date=March 10, 2021 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=September 26, 2000 |archive-date=May 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509122342/https://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/20000926ecstasy3.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pittsburgh [[promoter (entertainment)|promoters]] and [[disk jockey|DJs]] organized [[rave]]s in warehouses, [[ice rink]]s, barns, and fields which eventually attracted thousands of attendees, some of whom were high school students or even younger.<ref name="kelly"/><ref name="barnes">{{cite news |last1=Barnes |first1=Tom |title=S. Siders raving over rink's late parties: Sleep-starved residents giving Ricciardi an earful |url=https://old.post-gazette.com/neigh_city/20010109ravecity3.asp |access-date=March 10, 2021 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=January 9, 2001 |archive-date=May 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509081950/https://old.post-gazette.com/neigh_city/20010109ravecity3.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="silver-barnes">{{cite news |last1=Silver |first1=Jonathan D. |last2=Barnes |first2=Tom |title=Word of rave performance resulted in added police |url=https://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/20010103ravereg5.asp |access-date=March 10, 2021 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=January 3, 2001 |archive-date=May 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509062324/https://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/20010103ravereg5.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> As the events grew more popular, they drew internationally known DJs such as [[Adam Beyer]] and [[Richie Hawtin]].<ref name="kelly"/> Pittsburgh rave culture itself spawned at least one well-known artist, the [[drum and bass]] DJ [[Dieselboy]], who attended the [[University of Pittsburgh]] between 1990 and 1995.<ref name="matos"/><ref name="carter">{{cite news |last1=Carter |first1=Kelly |title=Nonprogressive portrayals - Letters to the editor |url=http://old.post-gazette.com/forum/20001003edlets6.asp |access-date=March 10, 2021 |work=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=October 3, 2000 |archive-date=May 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509081951/http://old.post-gazette.com/forum/20001003edlets6.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Since 2012, Pittsburgh has been the home of [[Hot Mass]], an afterhours electronic music [[dance party]] which critics have compared favorably to European nightclubs and parties.<ref name="eb">{{cite web |title=How America's Standout Party Hot Mass Is Changing Pittsburgh |url=https://www.electronicbeats.net/hot-mass-pittsburgh/ |publisher=Electronic Beats |access-date=March 10, 2021 |date=February 3, 2016}}</ref><ref name="stolman">{{cite news |last1=Stolman |first1=Elissa |title=The Secret Techno Sex Parties of Pittsburgh |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/mgwqwq/secret-techno-sex-parties-of-pittsburgh |access-date=March 10, 2021 |work=Thump |publisher=Vice Media |date=April 16, 2014}}</ref> Electronic music artist and DJ [[Yaeji]] credits Hot Mass with her "indoctrination into nightlife"; she regularly attended the party while studying at [[Carnegie Mellon University]].<ref name="kim">{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Michelle |title=How Yaeji Found Her Voice |url=https://mixmag.asia/feature/how-yaeji-found-her-voice |access-date=March 10, 2021 |work=[[Mixmag]] Asia |date=October 14, 2020}}</ref><ref name="posner">{{cite news |last1=Posner |first1=Nina |title=Yaeji: All Together Now |url=https://crackmagazine.net/article/profiles/yaeji-together-now/ |access-date=March 10, 2021 |work=[[Crack Magazine]] |date=October 1, 2020}}</ref>