New Orleans

===Port===
New Orleans began as a strategically located trading ''[[entrepôt]]'' and it remains, above all, a crucial transportation hub and distribution center for waterborne commerce. The [[Port of New Orleans]] is the fifth-largest in the United States based on cargo volume, and second-largest in the state after the [[Port of South Louisiana]]. It is the twelfth-largest in the U.S. based on cargo value. The Port of South Louisiana, also located in the New Orleans area, is the world's busiest in terms of bulk tonnage. When combined with Port of New Orleans, it forms the 4th-largest port system in volume. Many shipbuilding, shipping, logistics, freight forwarding and commodity brokerage firms either are based in metropolitan New Orleans or maintain a local presence. Examples include [[Intermarine]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=INTERMARINE- Ocean Carrier – Built on Performance |url=https://www.intermarine.com/ |access-date=2021-07-31 |website=Intermarine |language=en-US |archive-date=July 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731130236/https://www.intermarine.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisso Towboat,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bisso Towboat |url=http://www.bissotowing.com/ |access-date=2021-07-31 |archive-date=July 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727134357/https://www.bissotowing.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Northrop Grumman Ship Systems]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Northrop Grumman Gulf Coast Shipyards Return to Work |url=https://news.northropgrumman.com/news/releases/northrop-grumman-gulf-coast-shipyards-return-to-work |access-date=2021-07-31 |website=Northrop Grumman Newsroom |language=en |archive-date=July 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731130234/https://news.northropgrumman.com/news/releases/northrop-grumman-gulf-coast-shipyards-return-to-work |url-status=live }}</ref> Trinity Yachts, [[Expeditors International]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=StackPath |url=https://www.expeditors.com/locations |access-date=2021-07-31 |website=www.expeditors.com |archive-date=July 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731130235/https://www.expeditors.com/locations |url-status=live }}</ref> Bollinger Shipyards, IMTT, International Coffee Corp, Boasso America, Transoceanic Shipping, Transportation Consultants Inc., Dupuy Storage & Forwarding and Silocaf.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Silocaf USA LLC |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/0918882D:US |access-date=2021-07-31 |website=www.bloomberg.com |archive-date=August 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210830221237/https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/0918882D:US |url-status=live }}</ref> The largest coffee-roasting plant in the world, operated by [[Folgers]], is located in [[Eastern New Orleans|New Orleans East]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Where We Roast – Folger Coffee Company {{!}} Folgers Coffee |url=https://www.folgerscoffee.com/our-story/where-we-roast |access-date=2021-07-31 |website=www.folgerscoffee.com |language=en |archive-date=August 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801110020/https://www.folgerscoffee.com/our-story/where-we-roast |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Crescent City Coffee Connection: History and Heritage Imbues Each Cup |url=http://www.frenchquarter.com/crescent-city-coffee-connection/ |access-date=2021-07-31 |website=FrenchQuarter.com |language=en-US |archive-date=July 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731130235/http://www.frenchquarter.com/crescent-city-coffee-connection/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:Boats on the Mississippi (2965404740).jpg|alt=|thumb|The steamboat [[Natchez (boat)|''Natchez'']] operates out of New Orleans.]]

New Orleans is located near to the [[Gulf of Mexico]] and its many oil rigs. Louisiana ranks fifth among states in oil production and eighth in [[oil reserves|reserves]]. It has two of the four [[Strategic Petroleum Reserve (United States)|Strategic Petroleum Reserve]] (SPR) storage facilities: West Hackberry in [[Cameron Parish, Louisiana|Cameron Parish]] and Bayou Choctaw in [[Iberville Parish, Louisiana|Iberville Parish]]. The area hosts 17 petroleum refineries, with a combined crude oil distillation capacity of nearly {{convert|2.8|Moilbbl/d|m3/d}}, the second highest after Texas. Louisiana's numerous ports include the [[Louisiana Offshore Oil Port]] (LOOP), which is capable of receiving the largest oil tankers. Given the quantity of oil imports, Louisiana is home to many major pipelines: [[Petroleum|Crude Oil]] ([[Exxon]], [[Chevron Corporation|Chevron]], [[BP]], [[Texaco]], [[Shell Oil Company|Shell]], Scurloch-Permian, Mid-Valley, Calumet, [[Conoco Inc.|Conoco]], [[Koch Industries]], [[Unocal Corporation|Unocal]], [[United States Department of Energy|U.S. Dept. of Energy]], Locap); Product ([[TEPPCO Partners]], Colonial, Plantation, Explorer, Texaco, Collins); and [[Liquefied petroleum gas|Liquefied Petroleum Gas]] (Dixie, TEPPCO, Black Lake, Koch, Chevron, [[Dynegy]], [[Kinder Morgan Energy Partners]], [[Dow Chemical Company]], Bridgeline, FMP, Tejas, Texaco, UTP).<ref>[http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=LA Louisiana Quick Facts.] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206050811/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=LA |date=February 6, 2011 }} U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration. Retrieved November 12, 2007.</ref> Several energy companies have regional headquarters in the area, including [[Royal Dutch Shell]], [[Eni]] and [[Chevron Corporation|Chevron]]. Other energy producers and [[Oilfield services|oilfield services companies]] are headquartered in the city or region, and the sector supports a large professional services base of specialized engineering and design firms, as well as a term office for the federal government's [[Minerals Management Service]].