Human

=== Kinship ===
{{Main|Kinship|}}
All human societies organize, recognize and classify types of social relationships based on relations between parents, children and other descendants ([[consanguinity]]), and relations through [[marriage]] ([[Affinity (law)|affinity]]). There is also a third type applied to [[godparent]]s or [[Adoption|adoptive children]] ([[Fictive kinship|fictive]]). These culturally defined relationships are referred to as kinship. In many societies, it is one of the most important social organizing principles and plays a role in transmitting status and [[inheritance]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Nature of Kinship: Overview|url=https://www2.palomar.edu/anthro/kinship/kinship_1.htm|access-date=24 October 2020|website=www2.palomar.edu|archive-date=3 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203230431/https://www2.palomar.edu/anthro/kinship/kinship_1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>&nbsp;All societies have rules of [[incest taboo]], according to which marriage between certain kinds of kin relations is prohibited, and some also have rules of preferential marriage with certain kin relations.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Itao K, Kaneko K | title = Evolution of kinship structures driven by marriage tie and competition | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 117 | issue = 5 | pages = 2378–2384 | date = February 2020 | pmid = 31964846 | pmc = 7007516 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1917716117 | bibcode = 2020PNAS..117.2378I | doi-access = free }}</ref>