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PreviewAdvancedSpecial charactersHelpHeadingLevel 2Level 3Level 4Level 5FormatInsertLatinLatin extendedIPASymbolsGreekGreek extendedCyrillicArabicArabic extendedHebrewBanglaTamilTeluguSinhalaDevanagariGujaratiThaiLaoKhmerCanadian AboriginalRunesÁáÀàÂâÄäÃãǍǎĀāĂ㥹ÅåĆćĈĉÇçČčĊċĐđĎďÉéÈèÊêËëĚěĒēĔĕĖėĘęĜĝĢģĞğĠġĤĥĦħÍíÌìÎîÏïĨĩǏǐĪīĬĭİıĮįĴĵĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńÑñŅņŇňÓóÒòÔôÖöÕõǑǒŌōŎŏǪǫŐőŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŜŝŞşŠšȘșȚțŤťÚúÙùÛûÜüŨũŮůǓǔŪūǖǘǚǜŬŭŲųŰűŴŵÝýŶŷŸÿȲȳŹźŽžŻżÆæǢǣØøŒœßÐðÞþƏəFormattingLinksHeadingsListsFilesDiscussionReferencesDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getItalic''Italic text''Italic textBold'''Bold text'''Bold textBold & italic'''''Bold & italic text'''''Bold & italic textDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getReferencePage text.<ref>[https://www.example.org/ Link text], additional text.</ref>Page text.[1]Named referencePage text.<ref name="test">[https://www.example.org/ Link text]</ref>Page text.[2]Additional use of the same referencePage text.<ref name="test" />Page text.[2]Display references<references />↑ Link text, additional text.↑ Link text===Religion=== {{Main|Religion in Europe}} {{Pie chart |thumb = right |caption = Religion in Europe according to the ''Global Religious Landscape'' survey by the [[Pew Research Center|Pew Forum]], 2016<ref name="Survey">{{cite web|author=Analysis |url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323215026/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2014/01/global-religion-full.pdf |archive-date=2018-03-23 |url-status=live |title=Global religious landscape|publisher=Pewforum.org |date=19 December 2011 |access-date=17 August 2012}}</ref> |label1 = [[Christianity]] |value1 = 76.2 |color1 = Red |label2 = [[Irreligion|No religion]] |value2 = 18.3 |color2 = #FFFFFF |label3 = [[Islam]] |value3 = 4.9 |color3 = Green |label4 = [[Buddhism]] |value4 = 0.2 |color4 = Gold |label5 = [[Hinduism]] |value5 = 0.2 |color5 = Orange |label6 = Folk religion |value6 = 0.1 |color6 = Chartreuse |label7 = Other religions |value7 = 0.1 |color7 = Pink }} The largest religion in Europe is [[Christianity]], with 76.2% of Europeans considering themselves [[Christians]],<ref name="Christianity">{{cite web|url=http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-regions/#europe|title=Regional Distribution of Christians: Christianity in Europe|date=18 December 2011|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|access-date=22 February 2015|archive-date=1 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130801012932/http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-regions/#europe|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801204254/http://assets.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2011/12/Christianity-fullreport-web.pdf |archive-date=2019-08-01 |url-status=live|title=Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population|publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref> including [[Catholic]], [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] and various [[Protestant]] denominations. Among Protestants, the most popular are [[Lutheranism]], [[Anglicanism]] and the [[Reformed faith]]. Smaller Protestant denominations include [[Anabaptists]] as well as denominations centered in the [[United States]] such as [[Pentecostalism]], [[Methodism]], and [[Evangelical Protestants|Evangelicalism]]. Although Christianity originated in the Middle East, its centre of mass shifted to Europe when it [[Christianity as the Roman state religion|became the official religion of the Roman Empire]] in the late 4th century. [[Christianity]] played [[Role of Christianity in civilization|a prominent role in the development]] of the [[European culture]] and [[European identity|identity]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Byrnes|first1=Timothy A.|last2=Katzenstein|first2=Peter J.|title=Religion in an Expanding Europe|year=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0521676519|pages=110}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Europe in Crisis: Intellectuals and the European Idea, 1917–1957|last1=Hewitson|first1=Mark|last2=D’Auria|first2=Matthew|publisher=Berghahn Books|year=2012|isbn=9780857457271|page=243|location=New York; Oxford}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Orthodoxy and Islam|first=Archimandrite|last=Nikodemos Anagnostopoulos|year=2017|isbn=9781315297927|page=16|publisher=Taylor & Francis|quote=Christianity has undoubtedly shaped European identity, culture, destiny, and history.}}</ref> Today, a bit over 25% of the world's Christians live in Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pew Research Center |date=2011-12-19 |title=Global Christianity – A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec/ |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Islam]] is the second most popular religion in Europe. Over 25 million, or roughly 5% of the population, adhere to it.<ref name="pewresearch.org" /> In [[Albania]] and [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], two countries in the [[Balkan peninsula]] in Southeastern Europe, Islam instead of Christianity is the majority religion. This is also the case in [[Turkey]] and in [[Islam in Russia|certain parts of Russia]], as well as in [[Azerbaijan]] and [[Kazakhstan]], all of which are at the border to Asia.<ref name="pewresearch.org">{{citation |last=Hackett |first=Conrad |title=5 facts about the Muslim population in Europe |date=29 November 2017 |url=http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/ |work=[[Pew Research Center]] |access-date=30 July 2022 |archive-date=17 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817033409/http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/11/29/5-facts-about-the-muslim-population-in-europe/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Many countries in Europe are home to a sizeable Muslim minority, and [[immigration to Europe]] has increased the number of Muslim people in Europe in recent years. The [[Judaism|Jewish]] population in Europe was about 1.4 million people in 2020 (about 0.2% of the population).<ref name="auto" /> There is a long [[History of the Jews in Europe|history of Jewish life in Europe]], beginning in antiquity. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Russian Empire had the majority of the world's Jews living within its borders.<ref>''[[The Pittsburgh Press]]'', October 25, 1915, p. 11</ref> In 1897, according to [[Russian Empire Census|Russian census of 1897]], the total Jewish population of Russia was 5.1 million people, which was 4.13% of total population. Of this total, the vast majority lived within the [[Pale of Settlement]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Grosfeld|first1=Irena|last2=Rodnyansky|first2=Alexander|last3=Zhuravskaya|first3=Ekaterina|title=Persistent Antimarket Culture: A Legacy of the Pale of Settlement after the Holocaust|journal=American Economic Journal: Economic Policy|date=August 2013|volume=5|number=3|pages=189–226|publisher=[[American Economic Association]]|doi=10.1257/pol.5.3.189 |jstor=43189345}}</ref> In 1933, there were about 9.5 million Jewish people in Europe, representing 1.7% of the population,<ref>{{Cite web |last=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |title=Jewish Population of Europe in 1933: Population Data by Country |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/jewish-population-of-europe-in-1933-population-data-by-country |access-date=2023-04-29 |website=encyclopedia.ushmm.org |language=en}}</ref> but most were killed, and most of the rest displaced, during [[The Holocaust]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sherwood |first=Harriet |date=2020-10-25 |title=Europe's Jewish population has dropped 60% in last 50 years |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/oct/25/europes-jewish-population-has-dropped-60-in-last-50-years |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=The Guardian |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Lipka |first=Michael |title=The continuing decline of Europe's Jewish population |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2015/02/09/europes-jewish-population/ |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref> In the 21st century, [[France]] has the largest [[Jewish population]] in Europe, followed by the [[United Kingdom]], [[Germany]] and [[Russia]].<ref name="Survey" /> Other religions practiced in Europe include [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]], which are minority religions, except in Russia's [[Republic of Kalmykia]], where Tibetan Buddhism is the majority religion. A large and increasing number of people in Europe are [[irreligion|irreligious]], [[atheism|atheist]] and [[agnosticism|agnostic]]. They are estimated to make up about 18.3% of Europe's population currently.<ref name="Survey" /> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page