COVID-19

=== Hand-washing and hygiene ===
{{Main|Hand washing}}
[[File:In Rwanda build where everyone can wash hand in prevention of covid-19.jpg|thumb|Students in [[Rwanda]] hand washing and wearing face masks during the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Rwanda|COVID‑19 pandemic in the country]].]]
Thorough hand hygiene after any cough or sneeze is required.<ref name="nhs.uk-2020">{{#invoke:Cite web||date=2 June 2020|title=Social distancing: what you need to do – Coronavirus (COVID-19) |url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/social-distancing/what-you-need-to-do/|access-date=18 August 2020|website=nhs.uk}}</ref> The WHO also recommends that individuals wash hands often with soap and water for at least twenty seconds, especially after going to the toilet or when hands are visibly dirty, before eating and after blowing one's nose.<ref name="WHO-2020b">{{#invoke:Cite web||title=Advice for the public on COVID-19 – World Health Organization|url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public|access-date=18 August 2020|website=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)}}</ref> When soap and water are not available, the CDC recommends using an alcohol-based [[hand sanitiser]] with at least 60% alcohol.<ref>{{#invoke:Cite web||date=11 February 2020|title=COVID-19 and Your Health|url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/hand-sanitizer.html|access-date=23 March 2021|website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|quote=To prevent the spread of germs, including COVID-19, CDC recommends washing hands with soap and water whenever possible because it reduces the amount of many types of germs and chemicals on hands. But if soap and water are not readily available, using a hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol can help you avoid getting sick and spreading germs to others.}}</ref> For areas where commercial hand sanitisers are not readily available, the WHO provides two formulations for local production. In these formulations, the antimicrobial activity arises from [[ethanol]] or [[isopropanol]]. [[Hydrogen peroxide]] is used to help eliminate [[bacterial spores]] in the alcohol; it is "not an active substance for hand [[antisepsis]]". [[Glycerol]] is added as a [[humectant]].<ref>{{#invoke:cite book||title=WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care Is Safer Care|date=19 March 2009|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|chapter=WHO-recommended handrub formulations|access-date=19 March 2020|chapter-url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK144054/}}</ref>