Austria

===Music===
<!---Wikipedia:WikiProject Countries. Caution should be taken to ensure that the section is not simply a listing of names or mini biographies.-->
{{Main|Music of Austria}}
[[File:Wolfgang-amadeus-mozart 1.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]]]

Austria's past as a European power and its cultural environment generated a broad contribution to various forms of art, most notably among them music.<ref name="b1">{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Austria/The-arts | title=Austria - Music, Art, Theater &#124; Britannica | access-date=18 February 2024 | archive-date=18 February 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218121104/https://www.britannica.com/place/Austria/The-arts | url-status=live }}</ref> Austria was the birthplace of many [[Music of Austria|famous composers]] such as [[Haydn|Joseph Haydn]],<ref name="jh">{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Haydn | title=Joseph Haydn &#124; Biography, Compositions, & Facts &#124; Britannica | date=23 January 2024 | access-date=18 February 2024 | archive-date=31 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031140949/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Haydn | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Michael Haydn]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Haydn | title=Michael Haydn &#124; Austrian composer, symphonies, operas &#124; Britannica | access-date=18 February 2024 | archive-date=3 July 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703174909/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Haydn | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Franz Liszt]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franz-Liszt | title=Franz Liszt &#124; Biography, Music, Compositions, Famous Works, Children, & Facts &#124; Britannica | date=16 February 2024 | access-date=18 February 2024 | archive-date=27 November 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127063927/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franz-Liszt | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Franz Schubert]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franz-Schubert | title=Franz Schubert &#124; Biography, Music, & Facts &#124; Britannica | date=27 January 2024 | access-date=18 February 2024 | archive-date=19 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219191403/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franz-Schubert | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Anton Bruckner]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anton-Bruckner | title=Anton Bruckner &#124; Austrian Composer & Romantic Symphony Writer &#124; Britannica | date=19 February 2024 | access-date=18 February 2024 | archive-date=30 November 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130053255/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anton-Bruckner | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Johann Strauss Sr.]], and [[Johann Strauss Jr.]], as well as members of the [[Second Viennese School]] such as [[Arnold Schoenberg]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Arnold-Schoenberg | title=Arnold Schoenberg &#124; Biography, Compositions, & Facts &#124; Britannica | date=March 2024 | access-date=18 February 2024 | archive-date=13 June 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613011146/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Arnold-Schoenberg | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Anton Webern]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anton-Webern | title=Anton Webern &#124; Austrian Composer & 12-Tone Pioneer &#124; Britannica | access-date=18 February 2024 | archive-date=7 March 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307221042/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anton-Webern | url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Alban Berg]]. [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wolfgang-Amadeus-Mozart | title=Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart &#124; Biography, Music, the Magic Flute, & Facts &#124; Britannica | date=8 February 2024 | access-date=18 February 2024 | archive-date=5 July 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705020322/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wolfgang-Amadeus-Mozart | url-status=live }}</ref> was born in [[Salzburg]], then an independent Church Principality of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], which later became part of Austria, and much of Mozart's career was spent in Vienna.<ref name="bv"/>

Vienna was for a long time an important centre of musical innovation. 18th- and 19th-century composers were drawn to the city due to the patronage of the Habsburgs, and made Vienna the European capital of classical music. During the [[Baroque period]], Slavic and Hungarian folk forms influenced Austrian music.<ref name="bv">{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Vienna/Cultural-life | title=Vienna - Culture, Music, Art &#124; Britannica | access-date=18 February 2024 | archive-date=18 February 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218121105/https://www.britannica.com/place/Vienna/Cultural-life | url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:StateOperaViennaNightBackside.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Vienna State Opera]]]]

Vienna's status began its rise as a cultural centre in the early 16th century, and was focused around instruments, including the [[lute]]. [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] spent the better part of his life in Vienna. Austria's current [[national anthem]], attributed to Mozart, was chosen after [[World War II]] to replace the [[Sei gesegnet ohne Ende|traditional Austrian anthem]] by Joseph Haydn.<ref name="bv"/><ref name="jh"/>

Austrian [[Herbert von Karajan]] was principal conductor of the [[Berlin Philharmonic]] for 35 years. He is generally regarded as one of the greatest conductors of the 20th century, and he was a dominant figure in European classical music from the 1960s until his death.<ref name="NYT obit">{{Cite news |last=Rockwell |first=John |date=17 July 1989 |title=Herbert von Karajan Is Dead; Musical Perfectionist was 81 |pages=A1 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/17/obituaries/herbert-von-karajan-is-dead-musical-perfectionist-was-81.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712135148/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/17/obituaries/herbert-von-karajan-is-dead-musical-perfectionist-was-81.html |archive-date=12 July 2018 }}</ref>