Aramaic

===Modern Eastern Aramaic===
[[File:Amen in East Syriac Aramaic language.svg|thumb|upright=0.7|Amen in [[Syriac language|Eastern Syriac]]]]
{{main|Central Neo-Aramaic|Northeastern Neo-Aramaic|Neo-Mandaic}}
{{listen|filename=|title=Spoken Turoyo Neo-Aramaic|description=|format=[[Ogg]]}}
{{listen|filename=Assyriansample.ogg|title=Spoken Assyrian Neo-Aramaic|description=|format=[[Ogg]]}}

Modern Eastern Aramaic exists in a wide variety of dialects and languages.{{sfn|Murre van den Berg|1999|p=}} There is significant difference between the Aramaic spoken by [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]], [[Mizrahi Jews]], and Mandaeans, with mutually unintelligible variations within each of these groups.

The Christian varieties of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA) are often called "Assyrian", "Chaldean" or "Eastern Syriac", and are spoken by the [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]] in northern Iraq, northeast Syria, southeast Turkey, northwest Iran, and in the [[Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora|diaspora]]. However, they also have roots in numerous previously unwritten local Aramaic varieties and, in some cases, even contain [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] influences. These varieties are not purely the direct descendants of the language of [[Ephrem the Syrian]], which was [[Syriac language|Classical Syriac]].{{sfn|Khan|2012|pp=708–24}}

The [[Judeo-Aramaic languages]] are now mostly spoken in [[Israel]], and most are facing extinction. The Jewish varieties that have come from communities that once lived between [[Lake Urmia]] and [[Mosul]] are not all mutually intelligible. In some places, for example [[Urmia]], Christian Assyrians and Mizrahi Jews speak mutually unintelligible varieties of Northeastern Neo-Aramaic in the same place. In others, the [[Nineveh Plains]] around Mosul for example, the varieties of these two ethnicities are similar enough to allow conversation.

Modern [[Central Neo-Aramaic]], being in between Western Neo-Aramaic and Northeastern Neo-Aramaic, is generally represented by Turoyo, the language of the Assyrians/Syriacs of [[Tur Abdin]]. A related Neo-Aramaic language, [[Mlaḥsô language|Mlaḥsô]], has recently become extinct.{{sfn|Jastrow|2012|pp=697–707}}

[[Mandaeans]] living in the [[Khuzestan province]] of Iran and scattered throughout Iraq, speak [[Neo-Mandaic]]. It is quite distinct from any other Aramaic variety. Mandaeans number some 50,000–75,000 people, but it is believed Neo-Mandaic may now be spoken fluently by as few as 5,000 people, with other Mandaeans having varying degrees of knowledge.{{sfn|Häberl|2012|pp=725–37}}