Muhammad

==== Fulfilled umrah and the Battle of Mu'tah ====
A year after the treaty of Hudaybiyya, Muhammad took some of his followers to perform the ''[[umrah]]'' in Mecca.{{sfn|Rodgers|2012|p=204}} The Quraysh moved out of the city for the nearby mountain and allowed the Muslims to complete the ritual.{{sfn|Rodgers|2012|p=205}} Taking the opportunity of his stay, Muhammad married [[Maymunah bint al-Harith]], a 27-year-old sister of the wife of his uncle [[Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib|al-Abbas]].{{sfn|Rodinson|2021|p=255}} On the fourth day, when his allotted time by the treaty was over, Muhammad offered the Quraysh to join his wedding feast he was planning to hold in the city, but they refused and told him to depart immediately.{{sfn|Rodgers|2012|p=206}}

Upon returning to Medina, Muhammad launched four raids on tribes in the vicinity. Two of these ended in defeat, while the remaining two yielded plunder. Muhammad then directed his army to move northwards, towards the frontier of the [[Byzantine Empire]].{{sfn|Rodgers|2012|p=206}} Although outnumbered, the Muslim army advanced to confront their adversaries, with victory or martyrdom as their aim. The two parties [[Battle of Mu'tah|clashed at Mu'tah]] and it ended in defeat for the Muslims. [[Zayd ibn Haritha al-Kalbi|Zayd ibn Haritha]], Muhammad's adopted son, died as a commander at the battle.{{sfn|Rodgers|2012|p=208}} Khalid ibn Walid, who had now embraced Islam, gathered the surviving Muslims to retreat.{{sfn|Rodgers|2012|p=209}}
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