Jerusalem

====Israeli rule (1967–present)====
{{main|Israeli annexation of East Jerusalem}}
[[File:EastJerusalemMap-en.svg|thumb|A map of [[East Jerusalem]], 2010]

In 1967, the [[Six-Day War]] erupted between Israel and its Arab neighbors. Jordan joined Egypt and attacked Israeli-held West Jerusalem on the war's second day. After hand-to-hand fighting between Israeli and Jordanian soldiers on the Temple Mount, the [[Israel Defense Forces]] occupied East Jerusalem, along with the entire West Bank. On 27 June 1967, three weeks after the war ended, in what Israel terms the [[reunification of Jerusalem]], Israel extended its law and jurisdiction to East Jerusalem, including the city's Christian and Muslim holy sites, along with some nearby West Bank territory which comprised 28 Palestinian villages, incorporating it into the Jerusalem Municipality,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jpost.com/magazine/for-jerusalem-455837 |title=For Jerusalem |website=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com |date=11 June 2016 |access-date=10 August 2021 |archive-date=10 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810204809/https://www.jpost.com/magazine/for-jerusalem-455837 |url-status=live}}</ref> although it carefully avoided using the term "annexation". 

On 10 July, Foreign Minister Abba Eban explained to the UN Secretary General: "The term 'annexation' which was used by supporters of the vote is not accurate. The steps that were taken [by Israel] relate to the integration of Jerusalem in administrative and municipal areas, and served as a legal basis for the protection of the holy places of Jerusalem."<ref>{{Google books |id=DA4-XPy-6hIC |page=53 |title=Jerusalem Syndrome – The Palestinian–Israeli Battle for the Holy City}}, pp. 53–54. Mosheh ʻAmirav, Sussex University Press, 2009</ref> Israel conducted a census of Arab residents in the areas annexed. Residents were given permanent residency status and the option of applying for Israeli citizenship. Since 1967, new Jewish residential areas have mushroomed in the eastern sector, while no new Palestinian neighbourhoods have been created.<ref name=Thrall >[[Nathan Thrall]], [http://www.lrb.co.uk/v36/n23/nathan-thrall/rage-in-jerusalem 'Rage in Jerusalem,'] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906092249/http://www.lrb.co.uk/v36/n23/nathan-thrall/rage-in-jerusalem |date=6 September 2015 }} [[London Review of Books]] Vol. 36 No. 23 4 December 2014, pp. 19–21.</ref>

Jewish and Christian access to the holy sites inside the [[Old City of Jerusalem|old walled city]] was restored. Israel left the Temple Mount under the jurisdiction of an Islamic ''[[waqf]]'', but opened the Western Wall to Jewish access. The [[Moroccan Quarter]], which was located adjacent to the Western Wall, was evacuated and razed<ref>Rashid Khalidi, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/195696 "The Future of Arab Jerusalem"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170402180644/http://www.jstor.org/stable/195696 |date=2 April 2017 }} ''British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies'', Vol. 19, No. 2 (1992), pp. 133–143</ref> to make way for a plaza for those visiting the wall.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC04.php?CID=6 |publisher=The Washington Institute for Near East Policy |access-date=20 July 2008 |year=1988 |title=Jerusalem's Holy Places and the Peace Process |archive-date=5 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005003142/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC04.php?CID=6 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On 18 April 1968, an expropriation order by the Israeli Ministry of Finance more than doubled the size of the Jewish Quarter, evicting its Arab residents and seizing over 700 buildings of which 105 belonged to Jewish inhabitants prior to the Jordanian occupation of the city.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} The order designated these areas for public use, but they were intended for Jews alone.<ref>Michael Dumper, ''The Politics of Sacred Space: The Old City of Jerusalem in the Middle East Conflict'', Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002 pp. 42–43</ref> The government offered 200 [[Jordanian dinar]]s to each displaced Arab family.

After the Six-Day War the population of Jerusalem increased by 196%. The Jewish population grew by 155%, while the Arab population grew by 314%. The proportion of the Jewish population fell from 74% in 1967 to 72% in 1980, to 68% in 2000, and to 64% in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Yelinek |first1=Aviel |last2=Chosen |first2=Maya |last3=Korach |first3=Michal |last4=Assaf-Shapira |first4=Yair |title=Jerusalem – Facts and Trends 2012 |url=https://jerusaleminstitute.org.il/en/publications/jerusalem-facts-and-trends-2012/ |website=Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research |access-date=24 November 2019 |archive-date=13 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113075146/https://jerusaleminstitute.org.il/en/publications/jerusalem-facts-and-trends-2012/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Israeli Agriculture Minister [[Ariel Sharon]] proposed building a ring of Jewish neighbourhoods around the city's eastern edges. The plan was intended to [[Judaization of Jerusalem|make East Jerusalem more Jewish]] and prevent it from becoming part of an urban Palestinian bloc stretching from [[Bethlehem]] to [[Ramallah]]. On 2 October 1977, the [[Cabinet of Israel|Israeli cabinet]] approved the plan, and seven neighbourhoods were subsequently built on the city's eastern edges. They became known as the [[Ring Neighborhoods, Jerusalem|Ring Neighbourhoods]]. Other Jewish neighbourhoods were built within East Jerusalem, and Israeli Jews also settled in Arab neighbourhoods.<ref>Sharon, Gilad: ''Sharon: The Life of a Leader'' (2011)</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Bowen |first=Jeremy |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-10656890 |title=House-by-house struggle for East Jerusalem |publisher=BBC |access-date=11 September 2010 |date=15 July 2010 |archive-date=5 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405160817/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-10656890 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Flickr - Government Press Office (GPO) - Peres and Mubarak.jpg|thumb|[[Shimon Peres]], [[Hosni Mubarak]] and [[King Hussein]] at funeral of [[Yitzhak Rabin]] in Jerusalem, 1995]]
In 1993, the [[Oslo I Accord]] was signed between [[Yitzhak Rabin]] and [[Yasser Arafat]]. The agreement led to the establishment of the Palestinian Authority. The Jerusalem Governorate was notified by this authority.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Israel Demolishes 70 Homes in Palestinian-controlled East Jerusalem Neighborhood |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2019-07-22/ty-article/.premium/israel-begins-demolition-of-homes-in-palestinian-controlled-east-jlem-neighborhood/0000017f-f335-dc28-a17f-ff37e9a80000 |access-date=27 February 2024 |work=Haaretz |language=en |archive-date=11 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311073725/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2019-07-22/ty-article/.premium/israel-begins-demolition-of-homes-in-palestinian-controlled-east-jlem-neighborhood/0000017f-f335-dc28-a17f-ff37e9a80000 |url-status=live }}</ref> Only parts of few neighborhoods were allotted to the Palestinian Authority and this peace talks didn't solve the overall problem of Jerusalem.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cook |first=Jonathan |date=28 July 2019 |title=Sur Baher home demolitions illustrate a vicious spiral of oppression in Palestine |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/opinion/comment/sur-baher-home-demolitions-illustrate-a-vicious-spiral-of-oppression-in-palestine-1.891684 |access-date=27 February 2024 |website=The National |language=en |archive-date=27 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227161352/https://www.thenationalnews.com/opinion/comment/sur-baher-home-demolitions-illustrate-a-vicious-spiral-of-oppression-in-palestine-1.891684 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The annexation of East Jerusalem was met with international criticism. The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)|Israeli Foreign Ministry]] disputes that the annexation of Jerusalem was a violation of international law.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/peace/guide/pages/jerusalem-%20legal%20and%20political%20background.aspx/ Jerusalem – Legal and Political Background] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725033710/http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/peace/guide/pages/jerusalem-%20legal%20and%20political%20background.aspx/ |date=25 July 2018 }} – Professor [[Ruth Lapidoth]]. Israeli Foreign Ministry website, 30 June 1998</ref><ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/mfa-archive/1999/pages/the%20status%20of%20jerusalem.aspx/ The Status of Jerusalem] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228113607/http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/mfa-archive/1999/pages/the%20status%20of%20jerusalem.aspx |date=28 February 2018 }} – Israeli Foreign Ministry website, 14 March 1999</ref> The final status of Jerusalem has been one of the most important areas of discord between Palestinian and Israeli negotiators for peace. Areas of discord have included whether the Palestinian flag can be raised over areas of Palestinian custodianship and the specificity of Israeli and Palestinian territorial borders.<ref name=Abbas-090900>{{cite web |url=https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/172D1A3302DC903B85256E37005BD90F |title=Abu Mazen's speechat the meeting of the PLO's Palestinian Central Council |date=9 September 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026110339/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/172D1A3302DC903B85256E37005BD90F |archive-date=26 October 2011 |access-date=25 July 2018 |work=[[UNISPAL]]}}</ref>
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