Google

=== Environment ===
In October 2006, the company announced plans to install thousands of [[solar panel]]s to provide up to 1.6 [[MegaWatt|Megawatt]] of electricity, enough to satisfy approximately 30% of the campus' energy needs.<ref name="solar">{{Cite news |last=Marshall |first=Matt |date=October 16, 2006 |title=Google builds largest solar installation in U.S. — oh, and bigger than Microsoft's |work=[[VentureBeat]] |url=https://venturebeat.com/2006/10/16/google-builds-largest-solar-installation-in-us-oh-and-bigger-than-microsofts/ |access-date=April 6, 2021 |archive-date=May 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506164701/https://venturebeat.com/2006/10/16/google-builds-largest-solar-installation-in-us-oh-and-bigger-than-microsofts/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Thangham |first=Chris V. |date=June 19, 2007 |title=Google Solar Panels Produced 9,810 Kilowatt-hours of Electricity in 24 Hours |work=Digital Journal |url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/197545 |access-date=April 6, 2021 |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126000251/http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/197545 |url-status=live }}</ref> The system is the largest [[rooftop photovoltaic power station]] constructed on a U.S. corporate campus and one of the largest on any corporate site in the world.<ref name="solar" /> {{As of|2007|since=y|post=,}} Google has aimed for [[carbon neutrality]] in regard to its operations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=McGrath |first=Jack |date=May 18, 2011 |title=Google's Green Initiative: Environmentally Conscious Technology |url=http://www.technobuffalo.com/2011/05/18/googles-green-initiative-environmentally-conscious-technology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012172247/http://www.technobuffalo.com/2011/05/18/googles-green-initiative-environmentally-conscious-technology/ |archive-date=October 12, 2016 |access-date=January 22, 2017 |newspaper=TechnoBuffalo}}</ref>

Google disclosed in September 2011 that it "continuously uses enough electricity to power 200,000 homes", almost 260 million watts or about a quarter of the output of a [[nuclear power plant]]. Total carbon emissions for 2010 were just under 1.5 million metric tons, mostly due to fossil fuels that provide electricity for the data centers. Google said that 25 percent of its energy was supplied by renewable fuels in 2010. An average search uses only 0.3 watt-hours of electricity, so all global searches are only 12.5 million watts or 5% of the total electricity consumption by Google.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Glanz |first=James |date=September 8, 2011 |title=Google Details, and Defends, Its Use of Electricity |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/09/technology/google-details-and-defends-its-use-of-electricity.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312053616/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/09/technology/google-details-and-defends-its-use-of-electricity.html |archive-date=March 12, 2017 |access-date=March 9, 2017 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

In 2010, [[Google Energy]] made its first investment in a [[renewable energy]] project, putting $38.8&nbsp;million into two [[wind farm]]s in [[North Dakota]]. The company announced the two locations will generate 169.5&nbsp;megawatts of power, enough to supply 55,000 homes.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Morrison |first1=Scott |last2=Sweet |first2=Cassandra |date=May 4, 2010 |title=Google Invests in Two Wind Farms |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704342604575222420304732394 |url-status=live |access-date=November 27, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213232857/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704342604575222420304732394 |archive-date=February 13, 2015}}</ref> In February 2010, the [[Federal Energy Regulatory Commission]] granted Google an authorization to buy and sell energy at market rates.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Google Energy can now buy and sell energy |work=Cnet.com |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-10456435-54.html |url-status=live |access-date=September 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919091407/http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-10456435-54.html |archive-date=September 19, 2013}}</ref> The corporation exercised this authorization in September 2013 when it announced it would purchase all the electricity produced by the not-yet-built 240-megawatt Happy Hereford wind farm.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Todd |last=Woody |date=September 18, 2013 |title=Google is on the way to quietly becoming an electric utility |work=Quartz |url=http://qz.com/125407/google-is-on-the-way-to-quietly-becoming-an-electric-utility/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921050811/http://qz.com/125407/google-is-on-the-way-to-quietly-becoming-an-electric-utility/ |archive-date=September 21, 2013}}</ref>

In July 2010, Google signed an agreement with an [[Iowa]] wind farm to buy 114 megawatts of power for 20 years.<ref name="wind energy">{{Cite web |date=July 21, 2010 |title=Google buys power from Iowa wind farm |url=http://news.techworld.com/green-it/3232690/google-buys-power-from-iowa-wind-farm/?olo=rss |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105061730/http://news.techworld.com/green-it/3232690/google-buys-power-from-iowa-wind-farm/?olo=rss |archive-date=January 5, 2012 |access-date=October 26, 2010 |website=News.techworld.com}}</ref>

In December 2016, Google announced that—starting in 2017—it would purchase enough renewable energy to match 100% of the energy usage of its data centers and offices. The commitment will make Google "the world's largest corporate buyer of renewable power, with commitments reaching 2.6 gigawatts (2,600 megawatts) of wind and solar energy".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hölzle |first=Urs |date=December 6, 2016 |title=We're set to reach 100% renewable energy — and it's just the beginning |url=https://blog.google/topics/environment/100-percent-renewable-energy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208102229/https://www.blog.google/topics/environment/100-percent-renewable-energy/ |archive-date=December 8, 2016 |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=The Keyword Google Blog}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Statt |first=Nick |date=December 6, 2016 |title=Google just notched a big victory in the fight against climate change |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/12/6/13852004/google-data-center-oklahoma-renewable-energy-climate-change |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208001307/http://www.theverge.com/2016/12/6/13852004/google-data-center-oklahoma-renewable-energy-climate-change |archive-date=December 8, 2016 |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Etherington |first=Darrell |date=December 7, 2016 |title=Google says it will hit 100% renewable energy by 2017 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/06/google-says-it-will-hit-100-renewable-energy-by-2017/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161207164915/https://techcrunch.com/2016/12/06/google-says-it-will-hit-100-renewable-energy-by-2017/ |archive-date=December 7, 2016 |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]]}}</ref>

In November 2017, Google bought 536 megawatts of wind power. The purchase made the firm reach [[100% renewable energy]]. The wind energy comes from two power plants in [[South Dakota]], one in Iowa and one in [[Oklahoma]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Donnelly |first=Grace |date=November 30, 2017 |title=Google Just Bought Enough Wind Power to Run 100% On Renewable Energy |work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |url=http://fortune.com/2017/12/01/google-clean-energy/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=December 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201172833/http://fortune.com/2017/12/01/google-clean-energy/ |archive-date=December 1, 2017}}</ref> In September 2019, Google's chief executive announced plans for a $2 billion wind and solar investment, the biggest renewable energy deal in corporate history. This will grow their green energy profile by 40%, giving them an extra 1.6 gigawatt of clean energy, the company said.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Jillian |last=Ambrose |date=September 20, 2019 |title=Google signs up to $2bn wind and solar investment |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/sep/20/google-says-its-energy-deals-will-lead-to-2bn-wind-and-solar-investment |access-date=September 25, 2019 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=September 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925001424/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/sep/20/google-says-its-energy-deals-will-lead-to-2bn-wind-and-solar-investment |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2020, Google announced it had retroactively offset all of its carbon emissions since the company's foundation in 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hern |first=Alex |date=September 15, 2020 |title=Facebook and Google announce plans to become carbon neutral |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/sep/15/facebook-and-google-announce-plans-become-carbon-neutral |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209182453/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/sep/15/facebook-and-google-announce-plans-become-carbon-neutral |archive-date=December 9, 2020 |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref> It also stated that it is committed to operating its data centers and offices using only carbon-free energy by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 14, 2020 |title=Google aims to run on carbon-free energy by 2030 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/09/14/google-aims-to-run-on-carbon-free-energy-by-2030.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210191711/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/09/14/google-aims-to-run-on-carbon-free-energy-by-2030.html |archive-date=December 10, 2020 |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=[[CNBC]]|language=en}}</ref> In October 2020, the company pledged to make the packaging for its hardware products 100% plastic-free and 100% recyclable by 2025. It also said that all its final assembly manufacturing sites will achieve a [[UL (safety organization)|UL]] 2799 [[Zero waste#Corporate initiatives|Zero Waste to Landfill]] certification by 2022 by ensuring that the vast majority of waste from the manufacturing process is recycled instead of ending up in a landfill.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Schoon |first=Ben |date=October 26, 2020 |title=Google will ditch plastic packaging by 2025 |url=https://9to5google.com/2020/10/26/google-plastic-packaging-sustainability/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104130117/https://9to5google.com/2020/10/26/google-plastic-packaging-sustainability/ |archive-date=November 4, 2020 |access-date=December 28, 2020 |website=[[9to5Google]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

==== Climate change denial and misinformation ====
Google donates to [[climate change denial]] political groups including the [[State Policy Network]] and the [[Competitive Enterprise Institute]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kirchgaessner |first=Stephanie |date=October 11, 2019 |title=Revealed: Google made large contributions to climate change deniers |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/11/google-contributions-climate-change-deniers |access-date=February 7, 2020 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kirchgaessner |first=Stephanie |date=October 11, 2019 |title=The obscure law that explains why Google backs climate deniers |language=en-GB |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/oct/11/obscure-law-google-climate-deniers-section-230 |access-date=February 7, 2020 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> The company also actively funds and profits from climate [[disinformation]] by monetizing ad spaces on most of the largest climate disinformation sites.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Major Ad Platforms Profit Off Climate Disinformation (And Fund It, Too) |url=https://foe.org/news/dewey-ad-report/ |access-date=November 2, 2022 |website=Friends of the Earth |date=October 20, 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Google continued to monetize and profit from sites propagating climate disinformation even after the company updated their policy to prohibit placing their ads on similar sites.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 20, 2022 |title=Briefing Note: Programmatic Digital Advertisements and Climate Disinformation |url=https://foeus.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Briefing-Note-Programmatic-Digital-Ads-and-Disinfo.pdf |publisher=Climate Action Against Disinformation (CAAD)}}</ref>