Czech Republic

=== Art ===
{{main|Czech art}}
{{multiple image
| footer = ''Spring'', ''Summer'', ''Autumn'' and ''Winter'' (1896) by [[Art Nouveau]] artist [[Alphonse Mucha]]
| width  = 90
| image1 = Alfons Mucha - 1896 - Spring.jpg
| alt1   = Painting of a woman
| image2 = Alfons Mucha - 1896 - Summer.jpg
| alt2   = Painting of a woman
| image3 = Alfons Mucha - 1896 - Autumn.jpg
| alt3   = Painting of a woman
| image4 = Alfons Mucha - 1896 - Winter.jpg
| alt4   = Painting of a woman
}}

[[Venus of Dolní Věstonice]] is an important example of prehistoric art unearthed in the Czech Republic. [[Theodoric of Prague]] was a painter in the Gothic era who decorated the castle [[Karlštejn]]. In the Baroque era, there were painters [[Wenceslaus Hollar]], [[Jan Kupecký]], [[Karel Škréta]], [[Anton Raphael Mengs]] and [[Petr Brandl]] and sculptors [[Matthias Braun]] and [[Ferdinand Brokoff]]. 

In the first half of the 19th century, [[Josef Mánes]] joined the romantic movement. In the second half the so-called "National Theatre generation" rose to prominence: sculptor [[Josef Václav Myslbek]] and painters [[Mikoláš Aleš]], [[Václav Brožík]], [[Vojtěch Hynais]] and [[Julius Mařák]]. At the end of the century came [[Art Nouveau]], with [[Alphonse Mucha|Alfons Mucha]] becoming its main representative. He is known for his Art Nouveau posters and a cycle of 20 large canvases named [[the Slav Epic]], which depicts the history of Czechs and other [[Slavs]]. {{As of|2012}}, it can be seen in the Veletržní Palace of the [[National Gallery in Prague]], which manages the largest collection of art in the Czech Republic. [[Max Švabinský]] was another Art Nouveau painter. 

The 20th century brought an [[avant-garde]] revolution, represented in the Czech lands mainly by expressionists and cubists: [[Josef Čapek]], [[Emil Filla]], [[Bohumil Kubišta]] or [[Jan Zrzavý]]. Surrealism emerged particularly through the work of [[Toyen]], [[Josef Šíma]] and [[Karel Teige]]. In the world, however, the most well-known Czech avant-garde artist might be [[František Kupka]], a pioneer of abstract painting. Illustrators and cartoonists to gain fame in the first half of the 20th century include [[Josef Lada]], [[Zdeněk Burian]] or [[Emil Orlík]]. Art photography became a new field represented by [[František Drtikol]], [[Josef Sudek]], later [[Jan Saudek]] and [[Josef Koudelka]].

The Czech Republic is also known for its individually made, mouth-blown, and decorated [[Bohemian glass]].