Boston Marathon bombing

=== Local reactions ===
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 | image1 = Boston Marathon Bombing Memorial (9249416704) (1).jpg
 | caption1 = Makeshift memorials at [[Copley Square]]
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 | image2 = 2023 05 05 Boston Marathon Survivor Memorial, Boston, MA (1) (53101515430) (2).jpg
 | caption2 = A permanent monument memorializing the victims of the bombing was installed on Boylston Street (at the location of the explosions) in 2019<ref name="Marcelo">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/4330efbe84de4f8eafd437630d8ecc3f|title=Memorial to victims of Boston Marathon bombing completed|last=Marcelo|first=Philip|date=August 19, 2019|website=[[AP News]]|access-date=November 11, 2019}}</ref>
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 | image3 = Honoring-the-victims-of-the-boston-marathon-bombing 16952307817 o (1).jpg
 | caption3 = Officials commemorate the victims on the first anniversary of the attack (L-R: Boston Mayors Thomas Menino and [[Marty Walsh]]; U.S. Vice President Joe Biden; Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick)
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 | image4 = Boston Strong...Fan Pier Construction (14879397808) (2).jpg
 | caption4 = A "Boston Strong" banner adorns a construction site in Boston's [[Seaport District]]
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Numerous sporting events, concerts, and other public entertainment were postponed or canceled in the days following the bombing.<ref name="BostonSports-WashTimes" /><ref name="AutoLC-133" /><ref name="AutoLC-134" /><ref name="NCAA Nazareth host" /> The [[Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority|MBTA]] public transit system was under heavy National Guard and police presence and it was shut down a second time April 19 during the manhunt.<ref name="lowery" /><ref name="Logan and Taxis" /><ref name="Powers" />


In the days after the bombing, makeshift memorials began to spring up along the cordoned-off area surrounding Boylston Street. The largest was located on Arlington Street, the easternmost edge of the barricades, starting with flowers, tokens, and T-shirts.<ref>{{cite AV media|url=http://imgur.com/4JRa9gt | title=Photograph Taken From the Arlington Shrine on April 16, 2013|access-date = April 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.sentinelandenterprise.com/ci_23040059/grit-and-grief-at-makeshift-boston-marathon-memorial | work=Sentinel & Enterprise | title=Grit and grief at makeshift Boston Marathon memorial | date= April 16, 2013 |access-date= April 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://hereandnow.wbur.org/2013/04/17/update-downtown-boston | work=WBUR | title=An Update From Downtown Boston | date= April 17, 2013 |access-date= April 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.wbur.org/2013/04/17/photos-boylston-st-after-the-blasts | work=WBUR | title=Photos: Boylston Street After The Blasts | date= April 17, 2013 |access-date= April 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://photos.masslive.com/republican/2013/04/boston_15jpg.html | work=Mass Live | title=People gather at makeshift memorial near scene of Boston Marathon bombing | date=April 18, 2013 | access-date=April 11, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113819/http://photos.masslive.com/republican/2013/04/boston_15jpg.html | archive-date=April 2, 2015 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> In June, the Makeshift Memorial located in Copley Square was taken down and the memorial objects located there were moved to the archives in  West Roxbury for cleaning, fumigation, and archiving.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.boston.com/metrodesk/2013/06/21/makeshift-memorial-marathon-bombing-victims-taken-down-moved-city-archives/7DZAxM2iDyAnDgxvjLukiN/story.html | work=Boston.com | title=Makeshift memorial to Marathon bombing victims to be taken down, moved to city archives | date=June 21, 2013 |access-date= April 11, 2015}}</ref>

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 | image1 = B Strong badge.png
 | caption1 = The [[Boston Red Sox]] wore this "Boston Strong" patch on their uniforms in memory of the victims. The team would go on to win the [[2013 World Series]]
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 | image2 = Larry Lucchino and John W. Henry 2013 (10650272826 full) (1).jpg
 | caption2 = Red Sox President/CEO [[Larry Lucchino]] holds a [[rally towel]] with the team's "Boston Strong" emblem during the team's 2013 World Series victory parade
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 | image1 = Healing-our-city-an-interfaith-service 20693568725 o (1).jpg
 | caption1 = President Barack Obama speaks at Boston's [[Cathedral of the Holy Cross (Boston)|Cathedral of the Holy Cross]] during an April 18 interfaith healing service
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 | image2 = Mayor Thomas M. Menino with President Barack Obama and Governor Deval Patrick after the Boston Marathon Interfaith Healing Service (22604315995) (1).jpg
 | caption2 = Massachusetts Governor Deval Patrick, U.S. President Barack Obama, and Boston Mayor Thomas Menino appear together at [[Cathedral High School (Boston)|Cathedral High School]] on April 18 following the interfaith healing service
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}}

Five years after the bombing, The Boston Globe reported all of the items from the memorials were being housed in a climate controlled environment, free of charge, by the storage company, [[Iron Mountain (company)|Iron Mountain]] in [[Northborough, Massachusetts]]. Some of the items are also being stored in Boston's city archives in [[West Roxbury]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Ramos |first=Nestor |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2018/04/14/fragments-tragedy-and-our-best-selves/gtnbkn7MiT91kYzFL1MBOL/story.html |title=Fragments of tragedy, and of our best selves |work=[[The Boston Globe]] | date=April 14, 2018 |access-date=April 15, 2018 }}</ref>


[[Boston University]] established a scholarship in honor of Lü Lingzi, a student who died in the bombing.<ref name="AutoLC-135" /> [[University of Massachusetts Boston]] did the same in honor of alumna and bombing victim Krystle Campbell.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.umb.edu/the_university/chancellor/communications/krystle_campbell_scholarships_awarded_to_umass_students|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510170308/https://www.umb.edu/the_university/chancellor/communications/krystle_campbell_scholarships_awarded_to_umass_students|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 10, 2017|title=Krystle Campbell Scholarships Awarded to UMass Students – University of Massachusetts Boston}}</ref>


The [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] established a scholarship, and erected a large abstract environmental sculpture outdoors called the [[Sean Collier Memorial]], both in memory of slain [[MIT Police]] officer Sean Collier. The open-arched monolithic stone enclosure was proposed, designed, funded, fabricated, and installed on campus in less than two years after the bombing, and formally unveiled on April 29, 2015.<ref name=Humphries>{{cite web|last1=Humphries|first1=Courtney|title=The Making of MIT's Collier Memorial|url=http://www.architectmagazine.com/design/buildings/the-making-of-mits-collier-memorial_o|website=Architect: the journal of the American Institute of Architects|publisher=Hanley Wood Media|access-date=2015-07-08|date=May 22, 2015}}</ref><ref name="LVAC">{{cite web |title=Sean Collier Memorial |url=https://listart.mit.edu/public-art-map/sean-collier-memorial |website=MIT List Visual Arts Center |publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology |access-date=2019-10-11 |language=en |date=22 August 2017 |archive-date=April 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419162100/https://listart.mit.edu/public-art-map/sean-collier-memorial |url-status=dead }}</ref>

One study conducted by the Institute for Public Service at [[Suffolk University]] in Boston, Massachusetts, recorded the mental health and emotional response of various survivors, for three years following the bombing. In doing so, it reviewed the kinds of aid that were available in local hospitals and offered advice on how a person or community may be healed.<ref>The mental health response to the Boston bombing: A three-year review</ref> This study also mentions that after recognizing the downgraded media coverage of people in the city being killed or injured on a daily basis, the city of Boston "applied for and received a grant from The Rockefeller Foundation to be part of their 100 [[urban resilience|resilient cities]] network and to develop a cross cutting resilience strategy".<ref>{{cite news |title=100 Resilient Cities {{!}} Boston.gov |url=https://www.boston.gov/departments/resilience-and-racial-equity/100-resilient-cities |access-date=15 March 2023 |work=[[Boston Government Service Center]] |date=2020-07-30}}</ref>

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 | image1 = Vigil under pink sky (8655982471) (1).jpg
 | caption1 = A [[candlelight vigil]] held at [[Boston Common]] on April 22
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 | image2 = Boston Strong Concert-May 30, 2013 (8899338618).jpg
 | caption2 = "Boston Strong" benefit concert at [[TD Garden]] on May 30
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}}

However, there was rising [[anti-Muslim sentiment]] online and locally in the weeks following the bombing, causing distress in the local Muslim community and making some afraid to leave their homes.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bhattacharyya|first1=Sriya|last2=Ashby|first2=Kimberly M.|last3=Goodman|first3=Lisa A.|title=Social Justice Beyond the Classroom|journal=The Counseling Psychologist|date=September 26, 2014|volume=42|issue=8|pages=1136–1158|doi=10.1177/0011000014551420|s2cid=145601632}}</ref>

Three stone pillars lit by abstract sculptural bronze lighting columns memorializing three victims were installed at the two separate bombing sites on August 19, 2019.<ref name="Marcelo"/> Two bronze sidewalk bricks were installed to memorialize police officers killed in the aftermath, and [[cherry tree]]s were planted nearby to bloom each April.<ref name="Marcelo"/>

The Catholic bishops of Massachusetts opposed the death penalty for terrorist bomber Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, citing the need to build a culture of life.<ref name=conflicted>{{cite news | url = https://bostonglobe.newspapers.com/image/444570704/?terms=%22culture%2Bof%2Blife%22 | title = Religious leaders conflicted on death penalty | first1 = Jan | last1 = Ransom | first2 = Jacqueline | last2 = Tempera | newspaper = Boston Globe | date = May 18, 2015 | access-date = October 5, 2018 }}</ref>

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