Armenia Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ===Education=== [[File:Old building of Yerevan State University2.jpg|thumb|[[Yerevan State University]] building]] {{Main|Education in Armenia|List of universities in Armenia}} In medieval times, the [[University of Gladzor]] and [[Tatev Monastery#Tatev University|University of Tatev]] took an important role for Armenian education.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}} A literacy rate of 100% was reported as early as 1960.<ref name="loc">Curtis, Glenn E. and Ronald G. Suny. "Education". [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/amtoc.html Armenia: A Country Study] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912060405/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/amtoc.html |date=12 September 2009 }}. [[Library of Congress]] [[Federal Research Division]] (March 1994). ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.''</ref> [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic|In the communist era]], Armenian education followed the standard Soviet model of complete state control (from Moscow) of [[curriculum|curricula]] and teaching methods and close integration of education activities with other aspects of society, such as politics, culture, and the economy.<ref name="loc" /> In the 1988β89 school year, 301 students per 10,000 were in specialized secondary or higher education, a figure slightly lower than the Soviet average.<ref name="loc" /> In 1989, some 58% of Armenians over age fifteen had completed their secondary education, and 14% had a higher education.<ref name="loc" /> In the 1990β91 school year, the estimated 1,307 primary and secondary schools were attended by 608,800 students.<ref name="loc" /> Another seventy specialised secondary institutions had 45,900 students, and 68,400 students were enrolled in a total of ten postsecondary institutions that included universities.<ref name="loc" /> In addition, 35% of eligible children attended [[preschool education|preschools]].<ref name="loc" /> In 1992 Armenia's largest institution of higher learning, [[Yerevan State University]], had eighteen departments, including ones for social sciences, sciences, and law.<ref name="loc" /> Its faculty numbered about 1,300 teachers and its student population about 10,000 students.<ref name="loc" /> The [[National Polytechnic University of Armenia]] is operating since 1933.<ref name="loc" /> In the early 1990s, Armenia made substantial changes to the centralised and regimented Soviet system.<ref name=loc/> Because at least 98% of students in higher education were Armenian, curricula began to emphasise [[History of Armenia|Armenian history]] and culture.<ref name=loc/> [[Armenian language|Armenian]] became the dominant language of instruction, and many schools that had taught in Russian closed by the end of 1991.<ref name=loc/> Russian was still widely taught, however, as a second language.<ref name=loc/> In 2014, the National Program for Educational Excellence embarked on creating an internationally competitive and academically rigorous alternative educational program (the Araratian Baccalaureate) for Armenian schools and increasing the importance and status of the teacher's role in society.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://araratbaccalaureate.am/en/about-us|title=About us|website=araratbaccalaureate.am|access-date=2 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202130722/http://araratbaccalaureate.am/en/about-us|archive-date=2 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foundation.ayb.am/frontend/images/ck/files/Armenia%20Araratian%20Baccalaureate%20Briefing.pdf|title=The Araratian Baccalaureate: A guide for universities|access-date=2 February 2018|archive-date=4 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004180225/https://foundation.ayb.am/frontend/images/ck/files/Armenia%20Araratian%20Baccalaureate%20Briefing.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The Ministry of Education and Science is responsible for regulation of the sector. Primary and secondary education in Armenia is free, and completion of secondary school is compulsory.<ref name="loc" /> Higher education in Armenia is harmonized with the [[Bologna Process|Bologna process]] and the [[European Higher Education Area]]. The [[Armenian National Academy of Sciences]] plays an important role in postgraduate education. Schooling takes 12 years in Armenia and breaks down into primary (4 years), middle (5 years) and high school (3 years). Schools engage a 10-grade mark system. The government also supports [[List of Armenian schools#Schools outside Armenia|Armenian schools outside of Armenia]]. Gross enrollment in [[tertiary education]] at 44% in 2015 surpassed peer countries of the South Caucasus but remained below the average for Europe and Central Asia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=school_enrollment&fdim_y=education_level:4&fdim_y=gross_net:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=region&idim=region:ECS&idim=country:ARM:GEO:AZE&ifdim=region&tstart=888264000000&tend=1424721600000&dl=en&ind=false|title=Chart β World Development Indicators (Google Public Data Explorer)|website=www.google.com|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref> However, public spending per student in tertiary education in GDP-ratio terms is one of the lowest for post-USSR countries (for which data was available).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=d5bncppjof8f9_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=expenditure_per_student&fdim_y=education_level:4&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=region&idim=region:ECS&idim=country:ARM:RUS:LVA:AZE:BLR:EST:GEO:KAZ:KGZ:MDA:TJK:UKR&ifdim=region&tstart=888264000000&tend=1424721600000&dl=en&ind=false|title=Chart β World Development Indicators (Google Public Data Explorer)|website=www.google.com|access-date=24 February 2018}}</ref> {{clear left}} Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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