Zimbabwe

===Languages===
{{main|Languages of Zimbabwe}}
Zimbabwe has 16 official languages and under the constitution, an Act of Parliament may prescribe other languages as officially recognised languages.<ref name="language" /> English is the main language used in the education and judicial systems. The [[Bantu languages]] [[Shona language|Shona]] and [[Northern Ndebele language|Ndebele]] are the principal indigenous languages of Zimbabwe. Shona is spoken by 78% of the population, Ndebele by 20%. Other minority Bantu languages include Venda, [[Tsonga language|Tsonga]], Shangaan, Kalanga, Sotho, Ndau and Nambya. Less than 2.5%, mainly the white and "coloured" (mixed race) minorities, consider English their native language.<ref name="languages">{{cite web |url=http://www.gapadventures.com/docs/pdi/africa/Zimbabwe.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325004301/http://www.gapadventures.com/docs/pdi/africa/Zimbabwe.pdf |archive-date=25 March 2009 |title=Zimbabwe |url-status=dead |access-date=1 June 2016}}, gapadventures.com; accessed 4 May 2016.</ref> Shona has a rich oral tradition, which was incorporated into the first Shona novel, ''Feso'' by [[Solomon Mutswairo]], published in 1956.<ref name="feso">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.unc.edu/~ottotwo/mothertongue.html |title=Mother Tongue: Interviews with Musaemura B. Zimunya and Solomon Mutswairo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326150740/http://www.unc.edu/~ottotwo/mothertongue.html |archive-date=26 March 2018 |url-status=dead |journal=The Journal of African Travel-Writing |first=Angela A. |last=Williams |issue=4 |date=April 1998 |pages=36–44}}</ref> English is primarily spoken in the cities but less so in rural areas. Radio and television news are broadcast in Shona, Sindebele and English.{{citation needed|date=May 2016}}

There is a large community of Portuguese speakers in Zimbabwe, mainly in the border areas with Mozambique and in major cities.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Martins|first=Margarida|date=12 March 2019|title=Português em África|language=pt|trans-title=Portuguese in Africa|work=Diário de Notícias|location=Portugal}}</ref> Beginning in 2017, teaching Portuguese was included in secondary education of Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Português vai ser introduzido no ensino secundário no Zimbabué|url=https://24.sapo.pt/atualidade/artigos/portugues-vai-ser-introduzido-no-ensino-secundario-no-zimbabue|access-date=2020-07-21|website=SAPO 24|language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Zimbabwe: Português vai ser introduzido no ensino secundário do país - África - Angola Press - ANGOP|url=http://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/africa/2017/0/3/Zimbabwe-Portugues-vai-ser-introduzido-ensino-secundario-pais,7e5aad04-47b2-4b4f-aee8-c8351c5ae23f.html|access-date=2020-07-21|website=www.angop.ao|language=PT-PT|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806105712/http://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/africa/2017/0/3/Zimbabwe-Portugues-vai-ser-introduzido-ensino-secundario-pais,7e5aad04-47b2-4b4f-aee8-c8351c5ae23f.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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